{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2747548784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","title":"Fog computing security: a review of current applications and security solutions","display_name":"Fog computing security: a review of current applications and security solutions","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2747548784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","mag":"2747548784"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053811883","display_name":"Saad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8613-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037686924","display_name":"Simon Parkinson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1747-9914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Parkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043502041","display_name":"Yongrui Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-3205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","display_name":"University of Huddersfield","ror":"https://ror.org/05t1h8f27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongrui Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053811883"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"apc_paid":{"value":760,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":819},"fwci":33.7694,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":404,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99804334,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8247009515762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8062134981155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.6894307732582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.5514487028121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.5263059139251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5082408785820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4977321922779083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.49431276321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.45782479643821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-security","display_name":"Data security","score":0.43698686361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43093717098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.4232112467288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.16760775446891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09916391968727112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8247009515762329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8062134981155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.6894307732582092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.5514487028121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.5263059139251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5082408785820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4977321922779083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.49431276321411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.45782479643821716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.43698686361312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43093717098236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.4232112467288971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.16760775446891785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09916391968727112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.hud.ac.uk:32826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/32826/1/Khan_et_al-2017-Journal_of_Cloud_Computing.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401852","display_name":"University of Huddersfield Repository (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/cdcb5dc9-25d9-42cd-961c-a1e413b9e905","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/cdcb5dc9-25d9-42cd-961c-a1e413b9e905","pdf_url":"http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/32826/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402508","display_name":"Huddersfield Research Portal (University of Huddersfield)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I133837150","host_organization_name":"University of Huddersfield","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133837150"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Khan, S, Parkinson, S & Qin, Y 2017, 'Fog computing security : a review of current applications and security solutions', Journal of Cloud Computing, vol. 6, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4ef85dab4a664ecc94c16f05160ca80e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ef85dab4a664ecc94c16f05160ca80e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2017)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13677-017-0090-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2747548784.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2747548784.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23242426","https://openalex.org/W64889650","https://openalex.org/W70051344","https://openalex.org/W70589698","https://openalex.org/W154256836","https://openalex.org/W214620283","https://openalex.org/W1089902510","https://openalex.org/W1217034487","https://openalex.org/W1481059522","https://openalex.org/W1514888816","https://openalex.org/W1524563393","https://openalex.org/W1542399824","https://openalex.org/W1558616756","https://openalex.org/W1576160514","https://openalex.org/W1584443301","https://openalex.org/W1584476834","https://openalex.org/W1598700299","https://openalex.org/W1605638720","https://openalex.org/W1606249642","https://openalex.org/W1659280461","https://openalex.org/W1678884566","https://openalex.org/W1688335290","https://openalex.org/W1746299567","https://openalex.org/W1821583647","https://openalex.org/W1904483788","https://openalex.org/W1968185194","https://openalex.org/W1970124483","https://openalex.org/W1973309971","https://openalex.org/W1982354667","https://openalex.org/W1982812618","https://openalex.org/W1982950856","https://openalex.org/W1986956164","https://openalex.org/W1987545487","https://openalex.org/W1987800947","https://openalex.org/W1990703000","https://openalex.org/W1994964371","https://openalex.org/W1995300849","https://openalex.org/W1998801495","https://openalex.org/W1999384499","https://openalex.org/W2003791967","https://openalex.org/W2003932062","https://openalex.org/W2005430048","https://openalex.org/W2007111180","https://openalex.org/W2007499764","https://openalex.org/W2007511616","https://openalex.org/W2014576644","https://openalex.org/W2015410758","https://openalex.org/W2015597701","https://openalex.org/W2019672983","https://openalex.org/W2022023730","https://openalex.org/W2025529395","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2032591599","https://openalex.org/W2035060679","https://openalex.org/W2035203720","https://openalex.org/W2040909224","https://openalex.org/W2043918015","https://openalex.org/W2047826381","https://openalex.org/W2052996919","https://openalex.org/W2053882326","https://openalex.org/W2055817410","https://openalex.org/W2073446131","https://openalex.org/W2076408529","https://openalex.org/W2083533476","https://openalex.org/W2088588705","https://openalex.org/W2102089995","https://openalex.org/W2104692292","https://openalex.org/W2107427360","https://openalex.org/W2109860693","https://openalex.org/W2113295783","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2116473121","https://openalex.org/W2130329024","https://openalex.org/W2131715540","https://openalex.org/W2134342604","https://openalex.org/W2135099885","https://openalex.org/W2136399700","https://openalex.org/W2154126105","https://openalex.org/W2154765153","https://openalex.org/W2165271954","https://openalex.org/W2166844173","https://openalex.org/W2167535607","https://openalex.org/W2168109589","https://openalex.org/W2169087758","https://openalex.org/W2176830056","https://openalex.org/W2188440275","https://openalex.org/W2189138427","https://openalex.org/W2198252115","https://openalex.org/W2201006485","https://openalex.org/W2235255143","https://openalex.org/W2244939305","https://openalex.org/W2254601209","https://openalex.org/W2275132005","https://openalex.org/W2281609470","https://openalex.org/W2285762523","https://openalex.org/W2289146424","https://openalex.org/W2293247967","https://openalex.org/W2295019192","https://openalex.org/W2315212236","https://openalex.org/W2320515493","https://openalex.org/W2335223849","https://openalex.org/W2339839765","https://openalex.org/W2343298022","https://openalex.org/W2392395307","https://openalex.org/W2395160798","https://openalex.org/W2403964416","https://openalex.org/W2430154064","https://openalex.org/W2471387764","https://openalex.org/W2493534387","https://openalex.org/W2511933885","https://openalex.org/W2512201415","https://openalex.org/W2518319056","https://openalex.org/W2518885293","https://openalex.org/W2520064915","https://openalex.org/W2524772466","https://openalex.org/W2528232868","https://openalex.org/W2529900280","https://openalex.org/W2531198624","https://openalex.org/W2547727199","https://openalex.org/W2564752677","https://openalex.org/W2569378140","https://openalex.org/W2570479605","https://openalex.org/W2593182419","https://openalex.org/W2610207592","https://openalex.org/W2610412172","https://openalex.org/W2614936534","https://openalex.org/W2614952043","https://openalex.org/W2737530998","https://openalex.org/W2897708328","https://openalex.org/W2903108066","https://openalex.org/W2949384924","https://openalex.org/W2992858075","https://openalex.org/W3007346474","https://openalex.org/W3102845547","https://openalex.org/W3124339913","https://openalex.org/W4206054386","https://openalex.org/W4245089706","https://openalex.org/W4298885657","https://openalex.org/W6698420376","https://openalex.org/W6821752922","https://openalex.org/W6827066185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2885657717","https://openalex.org/W2892869641","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4328007012","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W4293054626","https://openalex.org/W2942586735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fog":[0,49,76,127,157,206],"computing":[1,14,128],"is":[2,39,45],"a":[3,20,27,97,150],"new":[4],"paradigm":[5],"that":[6,43],"extends":[7],"the":[8,17,75,162,170,185],"Cloud":[9],"platform":[10,29,77],"model":[11],"by":[12,161],"providing":[13,194],"resources":[15],"on":[16,69,126],"edges":[18],"of":[19,53,57,88,100,105,156,187],"network.":[21],"It":[22],"can":[23,66],"be":[24,67],"described":[25],"as":[26,178],"cloud-like":[28],"having":[30],"similar":[31],"data,":[32,114],"computation,":[33],"storage":[34],"and":[35,65,82,119,141,166,191,204],"application":[36],"services,":[37],"but":[38],"fundamentally":[40],"different":[41],"in":[42],"it":[44],"decentralized.":[46],"In":[47],"addition,":[48],"systems":[50],"are":[51,62,92,159,173],"capable":[52],"processing":[54],"large":[55,98],"amounts":[56],"data":[58],"locally,":[59],"operate":[60],"on-premise,":[61],"fully":[63],"portable,":[64],"installed":[68],"heterogeneous":[70],"hardware.":[71],"These":[72],"features":[73],"make":[74],"highly":[78],"suitable":[79],"for":[80,164,201],"time":[81],"location-sensitive":[83],"applications.":[84],"For":[85],"example,":[86],"Internet":[87],"Things":[89],"(IoT)":[90],"devices":[91],"required":[93],"to":[94,130,148,198],"quickly":[95],"process":[96],"amount":[99],"data.":[101],"This":[102,121,181],"wide":[103],"range":[104],"functionality":[106,165],"driven":[107],"applications":[108,129,158],"intensifies":[109],"many":[110],"security":[111,133,171,189],"issues":[112,190],"regarding":[113],"virtualization,":[115],"segregation,":[116],"network,":[117],"malware":[118],"monitoring.":[120],"paper":[122,182],"surveys":[123],"existing":[124],"literature":[125],"identify":[131],"common":[132],"gaps.":[134],"Similar":[135],"technologies":[136],"like":[137],"Edge":[138],"computing,":[139],"Cloudlets":[140],"Micro-data":[142],"centres":[143],"have":[144],"also":[145,183],"been":[146],"included":[147],"provide":[149],"holistic":[151],"review":[152],"process.":[153],"The":[154],"majority":[155],"motivated":[160],"desire":[163],"end-user":[167],"requirements,":[168],"while":[169],"aspects":[172],"often":[174],"ignored":[175],"or":[176],"considered":[177],"an":[179],"afterthought.":[180],"determines":[184],"impact":[186],"those":[188,199],"possible":[192],"solutions,":[193],"future":[195],"security-relevant":[196],"directions":[197],"responsible":[200],"designing,":[202],"developing,":[203],"maintaining":[205],"systems.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}