{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2537786327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","title":"Multithreading cascade of SURF for facial expression recognition","display_name":"Multithreading cascade of SURF for facial expression recognition","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2537786327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","mag":"2537786327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","pdf_url":"https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153767265","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","issn_l":"1687-5176","issn":["1687-5176","1687-5281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100627380","display_name":"Jinhui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-9026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["RIEB, Kobe University, 2-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3701-9026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RIEB, Kobe University, 2-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077713342","display_name":"Zhaojie Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4173-6319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojie Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009283470","display_name":"Tetsuya Takiguchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-7679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tetsuya Takiguchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040766342","display_name":"Yasuo Ariki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-2026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","display_name":"Kobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tgsfw79","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuo Ariki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Organization of Advanced Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Kobe, 657-8501, Hyogo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100627380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":0.8449,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81221693,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2016","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9628000259399414,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascade","display_name":"Cascade","score":0.8921806812286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multithreading","display_name":"Multithreading","score":0.7930984497070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7482206225395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.650596022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boosting","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","score":0.6323502063751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5533421635627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5344573259353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cascading-classifiers","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","score":0.487270712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.46165430545806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.42048850655555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thread","display_name":"Thread (computing)","score":0.409871369600296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3583155870437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3244670033454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-subspace-method","display_name":"Random subspace method","score":0.08442896604537964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.8921806812286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201410400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1064412","display_name":"Multithreading","level":3,"score":0.7930984497070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7482206225395203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.650596022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46686674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466303","display_name":"Boosting (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6323502063751221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5533421635627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5344573259353638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40651066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048220","display_name":"Cascading classifiers","level":4,"score":0.487270712852478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.46165430545806885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.42048850655555725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138101251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213092","display_name":"Thread (computing)","level":2,"score":0.409871369600296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3583155870437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3244670033454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106135958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291993","display_name":"Random subspace method","level":3,"score":0.08442896604537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","pdf_url":"https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153767265","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","issn_l":"1687-5176","issn":["1687-5176","1687-5281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:da.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp:20.500.14094/90003740","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14094/90003740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401924","display_name":"Kobe University Repository Kernel (Kobe University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I65837984","host_organization_name":"Kobe University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I65837984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing\u30002016, 37-37","raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","pdf_url":"https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13640-016-0140-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153767265","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","issn_l":"1687-5176","issn":["1687-5176","1687-5281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2537786327.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2537786327.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204612701","https://openalex.org/W1499467920","https://openalex.org/W1513198797","https://openalex.org/W1580172038","https://openalex.org/W1887963548","https://openalex.org/W1966385142","https://openalex.org/W1977821862","https://openalex.org/W1981918162","https://openalex.org/W1984495421","https://openalex.org/W1992227055","https://openalex.org/W2007717387","https://openalex.org/W2024868105","https://openalex.org/W2051396567","https://openalex.org/W2083261714","https://openalex.org/W2099355420","https://openalex.org/W2100965694","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2108333036","https://openalex.org/W2118585731","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2131028805","https://openalex.org/W2134860945","https://openalex.org/W2139594308","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2159797991","https://openalex.org/W2161634108","https://openalex.org/W2170066474","https://openalex.org/W2170110077","https://openalex.org/W2198512331","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6600001191","https://openalex.org/W6600213211","https://openalex.org/W6600234944","https://openalex.org/W6600297362","https://openalex.org/W6600339963","https://openalex.org/W6600567258","https://openalex.org/W6600757733","https://openalex.org/W6603139312","https://openalex.org/W6603595804","https://openalex.org/W6604186633","https://openalex.org/W6606448962","https://openalex.org/W6640892684","https://openalex.org/W6721361874","https://openalex.org/W6757946028","https://openalex.org/W6819266798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2115561485","https://openalex.org/W1985089255","https://openalex.org/W2153202644","https://openalex.org/W2010970156","https://openalex.org/W2105895556","https://openalex.org/W4235861380","https://openalex.org/W2377593213","https://openalex.org/W2733115356","https://openalex.org/W2106625514","https://openalex.org/W1867214769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,37,43,71,119],"novel":[3],"and":[4,25,39,103,106,122,129,140],"general":[5],"framework":[6,29,35,153],"called":[7],"the":[8,34,54,62,85,133,145],"multithreading":[9,44],"cascade":[10,87],"of":[11,20,61],"Speeded":[12],"Up":[13],"Robust":[14],"Features":[15],"(McSURF),":[16],"which":[17],"is":[18,36,47],"capable":[19],"processing":[21],"multiple":[22],"classifications":[23],"simultaneously":[24,105],"accurately.":[26],"The":[27,111],"proposed":[28,112],"adopts":[30],"SURF":[31,64],"features,":[32],"but":[33],"multi-class":[38,109],"simultaneous":[40],"cascade,":[41],"i.e.,":[42],"cascade.":[45],"McSURF":[46],"implemented":[48],"by":[49],"configuring":[50],"an":[51],"area":[52],"under":[53],"receiver":[55],"operating":[56],"characteristic":[57],"(ROC)":[58],"curve":[59],"(AUC)":[60],"weak":[63],"classifier":[65],"for":[66,88],"each":[67,89],"data":[68,90],"category":[69],"into":[70,80],"real-value":[72],"lookup":[73],"list.":[74],"These":[75],"non-interfering":[76],"lists":[77],"are":[78],"built":[79],"thread":[81],"channels":[82],"to":[83,99],"train":[84],"boosting":[86,93],"category.":[91],"This":[92],"cascade-based":[94],"approach":[95],"can":[96,104],"be":[97],"trained":[98],"fit":[100],"complex":[101],"distributions":[102],"robustly":[107],"process":[108],"events.":[110],"method":[113],"takes":[114],"facial":[115],"expression":[116],"recognition":[117],"as":[118],"test":[120],"case":[121],"validates":[123],"its":[124],"use":[125],"on":[126],"three":[127],"popular":[128],"representative":[130],"public":[131],"databases:":[132],"Extended":[134],"Cohn-Kanade,":[135],"MMI":[136],"Facial":[137,142],"Expression":[138],"Database,":[139],"Annotated":[141],"Landmarks":[143],"in":[144],"Wild":[146],"database.":[147],"Overall":[148],"results":[149],"show":[150],"that":[151],"this":[152],"outperforms":[154],"other":[155],"state-of-the-art":[156],"methods.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
