{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111737540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","title":"Pathways to identity: using visualization to aid law enforcement in identification tasks","display_name":"Pathways to identity: using visualization to aid law enforcement in identification tasks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111737540","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","mag":"2111737540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","pdf_url":"https://security-informatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492493267","display_name":"Security Informatics","issn_l":"2190-8532","issn":["2190-8532"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://security-informatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113684296","display_name":"Joe Bruce","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joe Bruce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA","[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059655101","display_name":"Jean Scholtz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Scholtz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA","[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031877196","display_name":"Duncan Hodges","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-8776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duncan Hodges","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, Oxford, UK","Oxford University, Oxford, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Oxford, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085656839","display_name":"Lia Emanuel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lia Emanuel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bath, Bath, UK","University of Bath , Bath, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bath, Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bath , Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073105508","display_name":"Dana\u00eb Stanton Fraser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-731X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","display_name":"University of Bath","ror":"https://ror.org/002h8g185","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dana\u00eb Stanton Fraser","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Bath, Bath, UK","University of Bath , Bath, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bath, Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Bath , Bath, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004437304","display_name":"Sadie Creese","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2414-9657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadie Creese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford University, Oxford, UK","Oxford University, Oxford, UK#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford University, Oxford, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077090795","display_name":"Oriana Love","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142606810","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325736334","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I142606810","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oriana J Love","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA","[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113684296"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142606810"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4229,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76001625,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13910","display_name":"Computational and Text Analysis Methods","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.8127614259719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.7896664142608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7438114881515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7333950996398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.6806064248085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.47679662704467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-justice","display_name":"Economic Justice","score":0.47525879740715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.3849729001522064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36726605892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3400951325893402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2910528779029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2031342089176178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.14690297842025757}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.8127614259719849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.7896664142608643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7438114881515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7333950996398926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.6806064248085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.47679662704467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.47525879740715027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.3849729001522064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36726605892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3400951325893402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2910528779029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2031342089176178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14690297842025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","pdf_url":"https://security-informatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492493267","display_name":"Security Informatics","issn_l":"2190-8532","issn":["2190-8532"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/14783","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/14783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.bath.ac.uk:41273","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://opus.bath.ac.uk/41273/1/Published_version.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401631","display_name":"The University of Bath Online Publications Store (The University of Bath)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","host_organization_name":"University of Bath","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:purehost.bath.ac.uk:publications/a0e11a6a-7274-416e-a948-846d49872de3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/a0e11a6a-7274-416e-a948-846d49872de3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196294","display_name":"Pure (University of Bath)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I51601045","host_organization_name":"University of Bath","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51601045"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","pdf_url":"https://security-informatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13388-014-0012-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2492493267","display_name":"Security Informatics","issn_l":"2190-8532","issn":["2190-8532"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Security Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1899721271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC05-76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934935867","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Engineering and Physical Sciences R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1967746503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338354","funder_display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2506945562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2510423872","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AC05-76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3196714330","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3448260292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3887989202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J004995/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5200347334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5269527469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-76RL0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5321382714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338354","funder_display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5726405315","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6354064863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6664334341","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-76RL01830","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","funder_display_name":"Battelle"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7334037170","display_name":"SID: An Exploration of Super-Identity","funder_award_id":"EP/J004995/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7995982022","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8236974595","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-76RL0183","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8414908677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G998451652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-AC05-76RL01830.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306110","display_name":"U.S. Department of Homeland Security","ror":"https://ror.org/00jyr0d86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306250","display_name":"Battelle","ror":"https://ror.org/01h5tnr73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338354","display_name":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05h992307"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2111737540.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2111737540.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1132392321","https://openalex.org/W1512473424","https://openalex.org/W1594990268","https://openalex.org/W1816167855","https://openalex.org/W1967134698","https://openalex.org/W1982777740","https://openalex.org/W1987631864","https://openalex.org/W1996747721","https://openalex.org/W2009014039","https://openalex.org/W2012316161","https://openalex.org/W2026497313","https://openalex.org/W2032652764","https://openalex.org/W2066673886","https://openalex.org/W2141201832","https://openalex.org/W2156491575","https://openalex.org/W2159316671","https://openalex.org/W2188726523","https://openalex.org/W2278922027","https://openalex.org/W2295593037","https://openalex.org/W2338019093","https://openalex.org/W2575007773","https://openalex.org/W2912398042","https://openalex.org/W2912780347","https://openalex.org/W2912952241","https://openalex.org/W2915289145","https://openalex.org/W4206031910","https://openalex.org/W4252728296","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068608913","https://openalex.org/W3124914020","https://openalex.org/W2141033859","https://openalex.org/W2077542787","https://openalex.org/W2071701083","https://openalex.org/W2383687187","https://openalex.org/W2156434174","https://openalex.org/W2121496884","https://openalex.org/W2387910809","https://openalex.org/W2348876715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,54],"nature":[1],"of":[2,69,76,79,83],"identity":[3,73,80,84],"has":[4,11],"changed":[5],"dramatically":[6],"in":[7,13,18,51,63,96,112],"recent":[8],"years":[9],"and":[10,22,29,81,102,106],"grown":[12],"complexity.":[14],"Identities":[15],"are":[16,33],"defined":[17],"multiple":[19,97],"domains:":[20],"biological":[21],"psychological":[23],"elements":[24,31],"strongly":[25],"contribute,":[26],"but":[27],"biographical":[28],"cyber":[30],"also":[32],"necessary":[34],"to":[35,43,45,58,110],"complete":[36],"the":[37,104],"picture.":[38],"Law":[39],"enforcement":[40,61],"is":[41],"beginning":[42],"adjust":[44],"these":[46],"changes,":[47],"recognizing":[48],"identity\u2019s":[49],"importance":[50],"criminal":[52],"justice.":[53],"SuperIdentity":[55],"project":[56],"seeks":[57],"aid":[59,111],"law":[60,100],"officials":[62],"their":[64],"identification":[65],"tasks":[66],"through":[67,86,93],"research":[68],"techniques":[70],"for":[71],"discovering":[72],"traits,":[74],"generation":[75],"statistical":[77],"models":[78],"analysis":[82],"traits":[85],"visualization.":[87],"We":[88],"present":[89],"use":[90,114],"cases":[91],"compiled":[92],"user":[94],"interviews":[95],"fields,":[98],"including":[99],"enforcement,":[101],"describe":[103],"modeling":[105],"visualization":[107],"tools":[108],"design":[109],"those":[113],"cases.":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}