{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206360765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","title":"Comparative analysis of proficiencies of various textures and geometric features in breast mass classification using k-nearest neighbor","display_name":"Comparative analysis of proficiencies of various textures and geometric features in breast mass classification using k-nearest neighbor","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206360765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35018506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","pdf_url":"https://vciba.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035464634","display_name":"Visual Computing for Industry Biomedicine and Art","issn_l":"2096-496X","issn":["2096-496X","2524-4442"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://vciba.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019392696","display_name":"Harmandeep Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-7871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94616015","display_name":"Punjab Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/025kz2973","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94616015"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harmandeep Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India. singh.harman.saini@gmail.com","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-7871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India. singh.harman.saini@gmail.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94616015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94616015"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103217172","display_name":"Vipul Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6928-3019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94616015","display_name":"Punjab Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/025kz2973","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94616015"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vipul Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94616015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027626877","display_name":"Damanpreet Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1022-4521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63568130","display_name":"Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01n15vy71","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63568130"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damanpreet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63568130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019392696"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94616015"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.9673,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96646023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7602461576461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7396966218948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6914918422698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.5513340830802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.539006233215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5262510180473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4801049530506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.46535712480545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.45670270919799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4355713725090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.37707239389419556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7602461576461792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7396966218948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6914918422698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.5513340830802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.539006233215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5262510180473328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4801049530506134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.46535712480545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.45670270919799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4355713725090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.37707239389419556}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","pdf_url":"https://vciba.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035464634","display_name":"Visual Computing for Industry Biomedicine and Art","issn_l":"2096-496X","issn":["2096-496X","2524-4442"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35018506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35018506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Visual computing for industry, biomedicine, and art","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:85998007da5b404980d81abdc9be99b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/85998007da5b404980d81abdc9be99b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8752652","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8752652","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","pdf_url":"https://vciba.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42492-021-00100-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035464634","display_name":"Visual Computing for Industry Biomedicine and Art","issn_l":"2096-496X","issn":["2096-496X","2524-4442"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324086","display_name":"Universidade do Porto","ror":"https://ror.org/043pwc612"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206360765.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4206360765.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14024944","https://openalex.org/W86117021","https://openalex.org/W304373761","https://openalex.org/W1164239218","https://openalex.org/W1500895378","https://openalex.org/W1545302199","https://openalex.org/W1583700199","https://openalex.org/W1637045490","https://openalex.org/W1817561967","https://openalex.org/W1972626213","https://openalex.org/W1978150416","https://openalex.org/W1978639885","https://openalex.org/W1995726031","https://openalex.org/W2002432726","https://openalex.org/W2008833742","https://openalex.org/W2014408515","https://openalex.org/W2024124973","https://openalex.org/W2025208635","https://openalex.org/W2026506545","https://openalex.org/W2035009069","https://openalex.org/W2036581391","https://openalex.org/W2044465660","https://openalex.org/W2059902090","https://openalex.org/W2060436244","https://openalex.org/W2066970575","https://openalex.org/W2085132317","https://openalex.org/W2101771332","https://openalex.org/W2113986484","https://openalex.org/W2117395697","https://openalex.org/W2132918796","https://openalex.org/W2134916573","https://openalex.org/W2144647583","https://openalex.org/W2167003500","https://openalex.org/W2606436201","https://openalex.org/W2612171401","https://openalex.org/W2620392674","https://openalex.org/W2759996507","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2945819472","https://openalex.org/W2964278775","https://openalex.org/W3009063839","https://openalex.org/W3020118020","https://openalex.org/W3033750579","https://openalex.org/W3094910079","https://openalex.org/W3099076900","https://openalex.org/W3128646645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4367336074","https://openalex.org/W3154045278","https://openalex.org/W4379620016","https://openalex.org/W4393666307","https://openalex.org/W3210764983","https://openalex.org/W4393443811","https://openalex.org/W4367335949","https://openalex.org/W3089416646","https://openalex.org/W4380048833","https://openalex.org/W4393601998"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,50,150,250],"comparative":[4],"analysis":[5],"of":[6,9,18,52,59,64,117,131,140,152,158,210,227,249,252,273],"the":[7,16,46,101,141,183,188,204,208,225,228,263,271],"proficiencies":[8,58],"various":[10,62],"textures":[11,66],"and":[12,61,67,94,126,177,182,216,246,255],"geometric":[13,68,256],"features":[14,69,135,145,266],"in":[15,115,276],"diagnosis":[17],"breast":[19,54,274],"masses":[20,275],"on":[21],"mammograms.":[22,277],"An":[23],"improved":[24],"machine":[25,161],"learning-based":[26],"framework":[27],"was":[28,36],"developed":[29],"for":[30,203,270],"this":[31],"study.":[32],"The":[33,57,107,155,221,258],"proposed":[34,259],"system":[35],"tested":[37],"using":[38,147],"106":[39],"full":[40],"field":[41],"digital":[42],"mammography":[43],"images":[44],"from":[45],"INbreast":[47],"dataset,":[48],"containing":[49],"total":[51],"115":[53],"mass":[55],"lesions.":[56],"individual":[60],"combinations":[63],"computed":[65],"were":[70,97,136,180,201],"investigated":[71],"by":[72,120],"evaluating":[73],"their":[74],"contributions":[75],"towards":[76],"attaining":[77],"higher":[78],"classification":[79,118,156,190,272],"accuracies.":[80],"Four":[81],"state-of-the-art":[82,160],"filter-based":[83],"feature":[84,112],"selection":[85,113],"algorithms":[86,114],"(Relief-F,":[87],"Pearson":[88],"correlation":[89],"coefficient,":[90],"neighborhood":[91],"component":[92],"analysis,":[93],"term":[95],"variance)":[96],"employed":[98],"to":[99],"select":[100],"top":[102],"20":[103,144],"most":[104,133,230],"discriminative":[105,134,231],"features.":[106,257],"Relief-F":[108],"algorithm":[109],"outperformed":[110],"other":[111],"terms":[116],"results":[119,185,191,260],"reporting":[121],"85.2%":[122],"accuracy,":[123],"82.0%":[124],"sensitivity,":[125],"88.0%":[127],"specificity.":[128],"A":[129],"set":[130],"nine":[132,229,265],"then":[137],"selected,":[138],"out":[139,248],"earlier":[142],"mentioned":[143],"obtained":[146,184,202],"Relief-F,":[148],"as":[149],"result":[151],"further":[153],"simulations.":[154],"performances":[157],"six":[159],"learning":[162],"classifiers,":[163],"namely":[164],"k-nearest":[165],"neighbor":[166],"(k-NN),":[167],"support":[168],"vector":[169],"machine,":[170],"decision":[171],"tree,":[172,179],"Naive":[173],"Bayes,":[174],"random":[175],"forest,":[176],"ensemble":[178],"investigated,":[181],"revealed":[186,261],"that":[187,233,262],"best":[189],"(accuracy":[192],"=":[193,196,199,214],"90.4%,":[194],"sensitivity":[195],"92.0%,":[197],"specificity":[198],"88.0%)":[200],"k-NN":[205],"classifier":[206],"with":[207],"number":[209],"neighbors":[211],"having":[212],"k":[213],"5":[215],"squared":[217],"inverse":[218],"distance":[219],"weight.":[220],"key":[222],"findings":[223],"include":[224],"identification":[226],"features,":[232],"is,":[234],"FD26":[235],"(Fourier":[236],"Descriptor),":[237],"Euler":[238],"number,":[239],"solidity,":[240],"mean,":[241],"FD14,":[242],"FD13,":[243],"periodicity,":[244],"skewness,":[245],"contrast":[247],"pool":[251],"125":[253],"texture":[254],"selected":[264],"can":[267],"be":[268],"used":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
