{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7138870070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4","title":"Task-aware meta-balance-learning for better generalizable black-box adversarial attack","display_name":"Task-aware meta-balance-learning for better generalizable black-box adversarial attack","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7138870070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111308096","display_name":"Tan Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yaochi Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-3114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaochi Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0306-3114","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120889026","display_name":"Zhuhua Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuhua Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103027656","display_name":"Jiezhuo Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6438-5737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiezhuo Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449230","display_name":"Haoran Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1883-2385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan University, No. 58 Renmin Avenue, Haikou, 570228, Hainan Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"],"apc_list":{"value":1230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1230},"apc_paid":{"value":1230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1230},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30683292,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8141000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.699400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.36250001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8141000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.699400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6355999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5975000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.5637999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.49729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73602740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7795822","display_name":"Thompson sampling","level":3,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.2858000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a13a86257cb247e795ce3226f88fe93a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a13a86257cb247e795ce3226f88fe93a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 9, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-026-00569-4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1519701041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZDYF2022GXJS348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2454108603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZDYF2024GXJS021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6184169391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62161010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6725100558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G684581970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 623RC446","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7220067509","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 62161010, 62361024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7676910641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.ZDYF2022GXJS348, ZDYF2024GXJS021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8080555053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62361024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G825003674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZDYF2022GXJS348","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322866","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138870070.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7138870070.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2145680191","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2745565856","https://openalex.org/W2746600820","https://openalex.org/W2891660173","https://openalex.org/W2895387432","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2962971773","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963448658","https://openalex.org/W3015625436","https://openalex.org/W3034530016","https://openalex.org/W3034892461","https://openalex.org/W3083665950","https://openalex.org/W3092053846","https://openalex.org/W3107235539","https://openalex.org/W3171288285","https://openalex.org/W4224950673","https://openalex.org/W4226378932","https://openalex.org/W4312513141","https://openalex.org/W4312790346","https://openalex.org/W4313141826","https://openalex.org/W4316660635","https://openalex.org/W4360884927","https://openalex.org/W4382465408","https://openalex.org/W4391093149","https://openalex.org/W4391164176","https://openalex.org/W4394597475","https://openalex.org/W4395485046","https://openalex.org/W4403422358","https://openalex.org/W4404238534","https://openalex.org/W4406981376","https://openalex.org/W4409194100"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Recent":[1],"advances":[2],"in":[3,34,40,107],"meta-learning":[4,39],"have":[5],"been":[6],"successfully":[7],"introduced":[8],"into":[9,97],"black-box":[10,41,98],"adversarial":[11,42,99],"attacks,":[12],"enabling":[13],"the":[14,35,90,110,131,142,163,171],"Meta":[15,111],"Conditional":[16],"Generator":[17],"(MCG)":[18],"to":[19,56,65,76,126],"quickly":[20],"adapt":[21],"new":[22],"tasks":[23],"and":[24,52,79,94,138,193,199,208],"generate":[25],"effective":[26],"perturbations.":[27],"However,":[28],"there":[29],"are":[30,105],"two":[31,108],"key":[32],"issues":[33],"current":[36],"application":[37],"of":[38,59,133,153,165,182],"attacks:":[43],"existing":[44],"\u201cdemand-based\u201d":[45],"task":[46,116,120,124,157],"importance":[47,128],"allocation":[48],"causes":[49],"MCG":[50,136],"overfitting":[51],"limited":[53],"generalization":[54,140],"(contrary":[55],"meta-learning\u2019s":[57],"goal":[58],"learning":[60,70],"general":[61],"cross-task":[62],"meta-features)":[63],"due":[64],"deep":[66],"neural":[67],"networks\u2019":[68],"strong":[69],"ability;":[71,141],"random":[72],"batch":[73,152],"sampling":[74,147],"leads":[75],"training":[77,166,174,185],"instability":[78,167],"high":[80],"data":[81,146,154,186],"demand.":[82],"To":[83],"address":[84],"these":[85],"issues,":[86],"this":[87],"paper":[88],"constructs":[89],"meta-balance-learning":[91],"(MBL)":[92],"framework":[93],"introduces":[95],"it":[96],"sample":[100],"attacks.":[101],"The":[102,216],"core":[103],"innovations":[104],"reflected":[106],"aspects:":[109],"Gradient":[112],"Balance":[113],"mechanism":[114],"perceives":[115],"difficulty":[117],"by":[118,206],"evaluating":[119],"gradients,":[121],"dynamically":[122],"adjusts":[123],"weights":[125],"balance":[127],"allocation,":[129],"optimizes":[130],"quality":[132],"meta-features,":[134],"alleviates":[135],"overfitting,":[137],"improves":[139],"Batch-level":[143],"Complete":[144],"Coverage":[145],"scheme":[148],"ensures":[149],"that":[150],"each":[151],"covers":[155],"all":[156],"categories,":[158],"which":[159],"not":[160],"only":[161,180],"solves":[162],"problem":[164],"but":[168],"also":[169],"reduces":[170],"demand":[172],"for":[173],"data.":[175],"Experiments":[176],"show":[177],"MBL":[178],"uses":[179],"10%":[181],"compared":[183],"methods\u2019":[184],"while":[187],"achieving":[188],"comparable":[189],"median":[190],"query":[191,203],"counts":[192,204],"attack":[194],"success":[195],"rates.":[196],"On":[197],"CIFAR-10":[198],"MNIST,":[200],"its":[201],"average":[202],"drop":[205],"9.1\u221216.8%":[207],"17.8\u221246.9%":[209],"across":[210],"architectures,":[211],"showing":[212],"significant":[213],"comprehensive":[214],"advantages.":[215],"implementation":[217],"is":[218],"available":[219],"at":[220],"https://github.com/luotan369/MBL.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-03-20T00:00:00"}
