{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134065592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x","title":"Some observations of near collision attacks on grain v1","display_name":"Some observations of near collision attacks on grain v1","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134065592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053606976","display_name":"Shaoyu Du","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092305","display_name":"State Cryptography Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00pvp5q54","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092305"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyu Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commercial Cryptography Testing and Certification Center, Building 10, Zone 17, No. 188 South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100160, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7433-5207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commercial Cryptography Testing and Certification Center, Building 10, Zone 17, No. 188 South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100160, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092305"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128257278","display_name":"Weiping Gu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092305","display_name":"State Cryptography Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/00pvp5q54","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092305"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiping Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Commercial Cryptography Testing and Certification Center, Building 10, Zone 17, No. 188 South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100160, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Commercial Cryptography Testing and Certification Center, Building 10, Zone 17, No. 188 South Fourth Ring West Road, Beijing, 100160, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092305"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392843","display_name":"Bin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4879-0211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4, South Fourth Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 4, South Fourth Street, Zhongguancun, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053606976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092305"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35050561,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9133999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9133999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.07989999651908875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystream","display_name":"Keystream","score":0.8773000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-cipher","display_name":"Stream cipher","score":0.8328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-attack","display_name":"Collision attack","score":0.7214999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-attack","display_name":"Correlation attack","score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boolean-function","display_name":"Boolean function","score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4424999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776132008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509893","display_name":"Keystream","level":4,"score":0.8773000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92950451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864718","display_name":"Stream cipher","level":3,"score":0.8328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.8098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87538441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389463","display_name":"Collision attack","level":5,"score":0.7214999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6057000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120226833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172844","display_name":"Correlation attack","level":4,"score":0.5911999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187455244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q942353","display_name":"Boolean function","level":2,"score":0.5156999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43529999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96675983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7622661","display_name":"Stream cipher attack","level":4,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207468940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869370","display_name":"Brute-force attack","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199668693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550329","display_name":"Collision detection","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d59450cff8404a42b783d8032b897a56","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d59450cff8404a42b783d8032b897a56","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 9, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-026-00562-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7134065592.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7134065592.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1477955099","https://openalex.org/W2030662705","https://openalex.org/W2076397729","https://openalex.org/W2798563917","https://openalex.org/W2808397278","https://openalex.org/W3112460532","https://openalex.org/W3117011070","https://openalex.org/W4378587133"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Near":[1],"collision":[2,7,38,68,73,80,142,169],"attacks":[3,8,69,143],"and":[4,24,34,70,75,199,228],"fast":[5,71],"near":[6,67,72,79,110,141,168],"on":[9,30,56,83],"stream":[10,48,176],"ciphers":[11],"are":[12,28,99],"controversial":[13],"attack":[14,26,81,170,186],"methods":[15],"in":[16,21,89,102],"the":[17,42,47,64,84,90,103,117,128,138,147,150,153,156,160,173,185],"field":[18],"of":[19,36,46,66,130,132,140,149,152,184,193,202,216,232],"cryptography":[20],"recent":[22],"years,":[23],"their":[25],"results":[27,192],"based":[29],"reduced":[31],"experimental":[32],"observations":[33],"derivation":[35],"birthday":[37],"theory.":[39],"Due":[40],"to":[41,53,146],"large-scale":[43],"internal":[44,58],"state":[45],"cipher,":[49],"it":[50],"is":[51,95,144],"difficult":[52],"conduct":[54],"experiments":[55],"all":[57],"states.":[59],"This":[60],"article":[61,195],"systematically":[62],"summarizes":[63],"principles":[65],"attacks,":[74],"conducts":[76],"a":[77,124,165,197,212,229],"complete":[78],"experiment":[82],"nonlinear":[85],"output":[86,105,120],"function":[87,155],"used":[88],"Grain":[91,174],"v1":[92,175],"cipher.":[93,177],"It":[94],"found":[96],"that":[97,137],"there":[98],"significant":[100],"deviations":[101],"keystream":[104,119],"differences":[106],"for":[107,113,172],"only":[108],"partial":[109],"collisions,":[111,116],"while":[112],"other":[114],"non-near":[115],"corresponding":[118],"difference":[121],"also":[122],"has":[123],"large":[125],"deviation.":[126],"Combining":[127],"theories":[129],"derivative":[131,151],"Boolean":[133,154],"functions,":[134],"we":[135,163,179],"find":[136],"effectiveness":[139],"correlated":[145],"distribution":[148],"cipher":[157],"used.":[158],"At":[159],"same":[161],"time,":[162],"provide":[164],"more":[166],"accurate":[167],"method":[171],"Furthermore,":[178],"present":[180],"an":[181],"indepth":[182],"analysis":[183],"presented":[187],"at":[188],"ACNS":[189],"2023.":[190],"The":[191],"this":[194],"have":[196],"memory":[198],"data":[200],"complexity":[201,215],"$$2^{79}$$":[203],"<mml:math":[204,218,234],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[205,219,235],"<mml:msup>":[206,220,236],"<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>":[207,221,237],"<mml:mn>79</mml:mn>":[208],"</mml:msup>":[209,225,242],"</mml:math>":[210,226,243],",":[211,227],"online":[213],"time":[214],"$$2^{69.3}$$":[217],"<mml:mrow>":[222,238],"<mml:mn>69.3</mml:mn>":[223],"</mml:mrow>":[224,241],"success":[230],"probability":[231],"$$2^{-16.97}$$":[233],"<mml:mo>-</mml:mo>":[239],"<mml:mn>16.97</mml:mn>":[240],".":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-03-07T00:00:00"}