{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118131376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7","title":"Source code vulnerability detection based on deep learning: a review","display_name":"Source code vulnerability detection based on deep learning: a review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118131376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121882738","display_name":"Huading Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huading Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Shucun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Shucun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121901493","display_name":"Zhen Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Shucun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Shucun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121885672","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Shucun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China","School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Shucun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103997045","display_name":"Qian Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Shucun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19, Shucun Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5121885672"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01577572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.3490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.3490999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12479","display_name":"Web Application Security Vulnerabilities","score":0.15240000188350677,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.12970000505447388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.7386000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.6139000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-management","display_name":"Vulnerability management","score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability-assessment","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3837999999523163}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7386000156402588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6919000148773193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.6139000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5813999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172776598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7943570","display_name":"Vulnerability management","level":4,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167063184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400839","display_name":"Vulnerability assessment","level":3,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3837999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3785000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62913178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554361","display_name":"Software security assurance","level":4,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36809998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150292731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1342704","display_name":"Code review","level":5,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.33660000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22680326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444867","display_name":"Secure coding","level":5,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.31769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77109596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781497","display_name":"Application security","level":5,"score":0.2565000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0541f1bf1e7d468184561b01a8f45c25","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0541f1bf1e7d468184561b01a8f45c25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-28 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00518-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4800121486186981,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118131376.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7118131376.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":131,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025411198","https://openalex.org/W2087527532","https://openalex.org/W2133933998","https://openalex.org/W2137789775","https://openalex.org/W2158297335","https://openalex.org/W2165004968","https://openalex.org/W2166336492","https://openalex.org/W2781491433","https://openalex.org/W2794659749","https://openalex.org/W2809409966","https://openalex.org/W2962960733","https://openalex.org/W2976184969","https://openalex.org/W2979481854","https://openalex.org/W2995340752","https://openalex.org/W2998879504","https://openalex.org/W3011763369","https://openalex.org/W3039075121","https://openalex.org/W3091588759","https://openalex.org/W3096660718","https://openalex.org/W3098605233","https://openalex.org/W3108823960","https://openalex.org/W3161071537","https://openalex.org/W3163206498","https://openalex.org/W3166095789","https://openalex.org/W3170092793","https://openalex.org/W3177116043","https://openalex.org/W3183469243","https://openalex.org/W3195703954","https://openalex.org/W3198685994","https://openalex.org/W3217001695","https://openalex.org/W4206406691","https://openalex.org/W4221166942","https://openalex.org/W4284667406","https://openalex.org/W4284975930","https://openalex.org/W4285277283","https://openalex.org/W4288048266","https://openalex.org/W4289097366","https://openalex.org/W4289861079","https://openalex.org/W4292158679","https://openalex.org/W4292491372","https://openalex.org/W4292876772","https://openalex.org/W4311165836","https://openalex.org/W4312326656","https://openalex.org/W4312969325","https://openalex.org/W4318562265","https://openalex.org/W4321372624","https://openalex.org/W4322484381","https://openalex.org/W4323042475","https://openalex.org/W4360764539","https://openalex.org/W4362499589","https://openalex.org/W4362663576","https://openalex.org/W4364297077","https://openalex.org/W4367721852","https://openalex.org/W4376606573","https://openalex.org/W4376606821","https://openalex.org/W4376613101","https://openalex.org/W4377226909","https://openalex.org/W4381734760","https://openalex.org/W4381744412","https://openalex.org/W4384026634","https://openalex.org/W4384302803","https://openalex.org/W4384345633","https://openalex.org/W4384345641","https://openalex.org/W4384345694","https://openalex.org/W4385412269","https://openalex.org/W4385730882","https://openalex.org/W4386142022","https://openalex.org/W4386214565","https://openalex.org/W4386497599","https://openalex.org/W4387298393","https://openalex.org/W4388212383","https://openalex.org/W4388483581","https://openalex.org/W4388638461","https://openalex.org/W4388722144","https://openalex.org/W4389162118","https://openalex.org/W4389215044","https://openalex.org/W4390357286","https://openalex.org/W4390452972","https://openalex.org/W4390679827","https://openalex.org/W4391308124","https://openalex.org/W4391558490","https://openalex.org/W4391830582","https://openalex.org/W4392363702","https://openalex.org/W4392849937","https://openalex.org/W4393073538","https://openalex.org/W4394746043","https://openalex.org/W4394769458","https://openalex.org/W4394769550","https://openalex.org/W4394833324","https://openalex.org/W4394994998","https://openalex.org/W4395483265","https://openalex.org/W4395659501","https://openalex.org/W4396525389","https://openalex.org/W4396532495","https://openalex.org/W4396535171","https://openalex.org/W4396673682","https://openalex.org/W4396820575","https://openalex.org/W4396868147","https://openalex.org/W4397000579","https://openalex.org/W4398198538","https://openalex.org/W4398239044","https://openalex.org/W4399372500","https://openalex.org/W4399511371","https://openalex.org/W4399837262","https://openalex.org/W4400231776","https://openalex.org/W4400351643","https://openalex.org/W4401539489","https://openalex.org/W4401879830","https://openalex.org/W4402442680","https://openalex.org/W4402671013","https://openalex.org/W4402671787","https://openalex.org/W4402774224","https://openalex.org/W4403061383","https://openalex.org/W4403648152","https://openalex.org/W4403864913","https://openalex.org/W4404782833","https://openalex.org/W4404952844","https://openalex.org/W4404952900","https://openalex.org/W4405103986","https://openalex.org/W4405362333","https://openalex.org/W4405602083","https://openalex.org/W4406087654","https://openalex.org/W4406552230","https://openalex.org/W4406610358","https://openalex.org/W4407198958","https://openalex.org/W4408749848","https://openalex.org/W4409396503","https://openalex.org/W4411001672","https://openalex.org/W4412945534","https://openalex.org/W4413925951","https://openalex.org/W4415261078"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Source":[1],"code":[2,34,37,67,87],"vulnerability":[3,38,68,88],"detection":[4,39,43,69],"is":[5,70],"a":[6],"crucial":[7],"aspect":[8],"of":[9,17,33,119,138,152],"software":[10,25],"security":[11],"development,":[12],"and":[13,31,45,59,63,82,94,98,110,135,146],"the":[14,29,111,117,120],"current":[15,96,145],"use":[16],"Large":[18],"Language":[19],"Models":[20],"(LLMs)":[21],"accelerates":[22],"not":[23],"only":[24,125],"development":[26],"but":[27,130],"also":[28,131],"generation":[30],"propagation":[32],"vulnerabilities.":[35],"Traditional":[36],"techniques":[40,49],"have":[41,50],"limited":[42],"efficiency":[44],"accuracy.":[46],"Deep":[47],"learning":[48],"recently":[51],"gained":[52],"distinct":[53],"advantages":[54],"in":[55,66,102],"multidimensional":[56],"feature":[57],"extraction":[58],"large-scale":[60],"data":[61],"processing,":[62],"their":[64],"application":[65,141],"evolving":[71],"from":[72],"simple":[73],"classification":[74],"to":[75],"multimodal":[76],"approaches.":[77],"This":[78,114],"paper":[79],"primarily":[80],"systematizes":[81],"summarises":[83],"deep":[84],"learning-based":[85],"source":[86],"detection,":[89],"as":[90,92],"well":[91],"analyzes":[93],"anticipates":[95],"challenges":[97],"future":[99],"research":[100,134],"directions":[101],"this":[103,108,153],"area.":[104],"The":[105],"distinction":[106],"between":[107],"review":[109],"preceding":[112],"reviews:":[113],"study":[115],"investigates":[116],"literature":[118],"last":[121],"four":[122],"years;":[123],"Not":[124],"does":[126],"it":[127],"contain":[128],"datasets,":[129],"includes":[132],"model-related":[133],"an":[136],"analysis":[137],"multiple":[139],"different":[140],"scenarios.":[142],"It\u2019s":[143],"more":[144],"comprehensive":[147],"than":[148],"most":[149],"previous":[150],"reviews":[151],"type.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2026-01-04T00:00:00"}