{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7118406147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x","title":"HET-PIR: practical Keyword PIR via a Novel homomorphic equality test Algorithm","display_name":"HET-PIR: practical Keyword PIR via a Novel homomorphic equality test Algorithm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7118406147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122198898","display_name":"Peizhe Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peizhe Song","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1977-4828","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055918279","display_name":"Mingsheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2410-5073"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingsheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1230},"apc_paid":{"value":1230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1230},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03773807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.9541000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6198999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplication","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","score":0.44279998540878296}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.9541000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7093999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.6916000247001648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6198999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.478300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3860309","display_name":"Multiplication (music)","level":2,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.399399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.3910999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1982e8262b7f43e1acb6cc69a6848edb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1982e8262b7f43e1acb6cc69a6848edb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-26 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00506-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5842552781105042,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494049356","https://openalex.org/W1574024822","https://openalex.org/W1593123147","https://openalex.org/W1832668820","https://openalex.org/W1850468005","https://openalex.org/W1889757464","https://openalex.org/W1966731635","https://openalex.org/W2036602082","https://openalex.org/W2059123783","https://openalex.org/W2060238632","https://openalex.org/W2073346043","https://openalex.org/W2098290658","https://openalex.org/W2113333997","https://openalex.org/W2154654620","https://openalex.org/W2156030242","https://openalex.org/W2177209050","https://openalex.org/W2207819601","https://openalex.org/W2401959250","https://openalex.org/W2401976587","https://openalex.org/W2883089683","https://openalex.org/W2903097637","https://openalex.org/W2918752259","https://openalex.org/W2962706177","https://openalex.org/W3082244620","https://openalex.org/W3085701114","https://openalex.org/W3097942339","https://openalex.org/W3159746013","https://openalex.org/W3192142816","https://openalex.org/W3211614912","https://openalex.org/W3213220428","https://openalex.org/W4252932157","https://openalex.org/W4285201849","https://openalex.org/W4288057738","https://openalex.org/W4315706029","https://openalex.org/W4321448322","https://openalex.org/W4376639489","https://openalex.org/W4384027505","https://openalex.org/W4401598747","https://openalex.org/W4402263981","https://openalex.org/W4402264489","https://openalex.org/W4405182704","https://openalex.org/W4407601906","https://openalex.org/W4407845375"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Fully":[1],"homomorphic":[2,22,61],"encryption":[3],"(FHE)":[4],"enables":[5],"arbitrary":[6],"computations":[7],"on":[8],"encrypted":[9],"data":[10],"while":[11],"preserving":[12],"strong":[13],"privacy":[14],"guarantees.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,57,104,132,137,152],"high":[18],"computational":[19,149],"cost":[20],"of":[21,59],"operations,":[23],"particularly":[24],"multiplication":[25],"and":[26,69,91,99],"comparisons,":[27],"remains":[28],"a":[29,40,100,122,145,158],"significant":[30],"bottleneck":[31],"in":[32,148],"practical":[33,123,160],"applications.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36,117],"paper,":[37],"we":[38,115],"propose":[39],"novel":[41],"algorithm":[42],"that":[43,82],"efficiently":[44],"evaluates":[45],"univariate":[46],"polynomial":[47],"functions":[48],"under":[49],"FHE,":[50],"leveraging":[51],"specific":[52],"optimization":[53],"techniques":[54],"to":[55,72,109,120,136],"minimize":[56],"number":[58],"required":[60],"operations.":[62],"We":[63],"rigorously":[64],"analyze":[65],"its":[66],"theoretical":[67],"performance":[68],"extend":[70],"it":[71,157],"implement":[73],"an":[74],"optimized":[75],"equality":[76,118],"test.":[77],"Our":[78],"experimental":[79],"results":[80],"show":[81],"comparing":[83],"two":[84],"32-bit":[85],"values":[86,98],"takes":[87],"only":[88],"3.9":[89],"milliseconds,":[90],"for":[92,131,162],"batch":[93],"comparisons":[94],"between":[95],"32,768":[96],"16-bit":[97,102],"single":[101],"value,":[103],"amortized":[105],"overhead":[106,150],"is":[107],"reduced":[108],"0.01":[110],"milliseconds":[111],"per":[112],"comparison.":[113],"Furthermore,":[114],"apply":[116],"test":[119],"build":[121],"single-round":[124],"keyword":[125],"private":[126],"information":[127],"retrieval":[128],"(PIR)":[129],"protocol":[130],"single-server":[133],"setting.":[134],"Compared":[135],"Constant-Weight":[138],"PIR":[139],"(USENIX":[140],"2022),":[141],"our":[142],"method":[143],"achieves":[144],"4\u20136\u00d7":[146],"reduction":[147],"during":[151],"server\u2019s":[153],"response":[154],"phase,":[155],"making":[156],"more":[159],"solution":[161],"real-world":[163],"deployments.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-01-08T00:00:00"}