{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161701373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7","title":"SM9-DTRS: a dynamic threshold ring signature scheme based on SM9 algorithm","display_name":"SM9-DTRS: a dynamic threshold ring signature scheme based on SM9 algorithm","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161701373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136489759","display_name":"Zeyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9354-4717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51622183","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034t3zs45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zeyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9354-4717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136496382","display_name":"Lihua Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-1486"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51622183","display_name":"Shaanxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034t3zs45","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8923-1486","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136455225","display_name":"Qiao Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5136496382"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51622183"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91108226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.01889999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-signature","display_name":"Ring signature","score":0.7601000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.7333999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilinear-interpolation","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"Collusion","score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schnorr-signature","display_name":"Schnorr signature","score":0.4242999851703644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168941894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3483645","display_name":"Ring signature","level":4,"score":0.7601000070571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.7333999872207642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6085000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.5871999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5221999883651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4724000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4641000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.42480000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124968333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465057","display_name":"Schnorr signature","level":5,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40404285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921816","display_name":"Merkle signature scheme","level":5,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132860680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1328731","display_name":"ElGamal signature scheme","level":5,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.32910001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775836275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3502310","display_name":"Dynamism","level":2,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188721877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103510","display_name":"Bar (unit)","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3a06abd29e4c4fc5bf916cc3589100cf","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3a06abd29e4c4fc5bf916cc3589100cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 9, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00499-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G143284433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.61976142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6176078870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8464572083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20210324093609025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335966","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335966","display_name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161701373.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7161701373.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487090158","https://openalex.org/W1518817958","https://openalex.org/W1608511627","https://openalex.org/W1999921389","https://openalex.org/W2027002571","https://openalex.org/W2069900560","https://openalex.org/W2129483619","https://openalex.org/W2205278366","https://openalex.org/W2325534819","https://openalex.org/W2889928281","https://openalex.org/W3178799057"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"distributed":[2],"scenarios":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"electronic":[6],"voting":[7],"and":[8,17,26,57,65,83,131],"blockchain,":[9],"signature":[10,32,44,78,95],"schemes":[11],"require":[12],"high":[13],"anonymity,":[14],"collusion":[15],"resistance,":[16],"efficiency.":[18],"Traditional":[19],"ring":[20,31,43,109],"signatures":[21],"struggle":[22],"to":[23,91],"balance":[24],"dynamism":[25],"security,":[27],"while":[28],"dynamic":[29,41,54],"threshold":[30,42,55,105],"research":[33],"remains":[34],"underdeveloped.":[35],"This":[36],"paper":[37],"proposes":[38],"SM9-DTRS,":[39],"a":[40,53],"scheme":[45],"based":[46,133],"on":[47,134],"the":[48,122,135],"SM9":[49],"algorithm.":[50],"It":[51],"adopts":[52],"mechanism":[56],"reservoir":[58],"sampling":[59],"for":[60,118],"real-time":[61],"signer":[62],"set":[63],"adjustment,":[64],"optimizes":[66],"bilinear":[67],"pairings":[68],"via":[69],"precomputation.":[70],"Experimental":[71],"results":[72],"show":[73],"SM9-DTRS":[74,126],"achieves":[75],"55.66":[76],"ms":[77,85],"generation":[79],"time":[80,87],"(44.46%":[81],"reduction)":[82,89],"148.93":[84],"verification":[86],"(21.80%":[88],"compared":[90],"similar":[92],"schemes.":[93],"Its":[94],"length":[96],"is":[97,127],"(256":[98],"t":[99,106],"+":[100],"768)-bit,":[101],"scaling":[102],"linearly":[103],"with":[104],"(instead":[107],"of":[108],"size":[110],"n":[111],"in":[112],"traditional":[113],"schemes),":[114],"making":[115],"it":[116],"suitable":[117],"bandwidth-constrained":[119],"environments.":[120],"Under":[121],"random":[123],"oracle":[124],"model,":[125],"proven":[128],"unforgeable,":[129],"anonymous,":[130],"collusion-resistant":[132],"q":[136],"-SDH":[137],"assumption.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-27T09:02:27.158192","created_date":"2026-05-20T00:00:00"}
