{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7122848269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w","title":"Low-visibility adversarial sample generation method based on human visual perception","display_name":"Low-visibility adversarial sample generation method based on human visual perception","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7122848269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055397432","display_name":"Binbin Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-6208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binbin Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656","https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122766771","display_name":"Haoyuan Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haoyuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656","https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122767938","display_name":"Linfei Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linfei Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816","https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122825954","display_name":"Jiawei Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656","https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030303334","display_name":"Xiaotian Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656","https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122788918","display_name":"Xiaowei Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118803816","display_name":"Liaoning University","ror":"https://ror.org/03xpwj629","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118803816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42852656","display_name":"Shenyang University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ddfwm68","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42852656"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligent Science and Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Wanghua South Street, Shenyang, 110044, Liaoning, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42852656","https://openalex.org/I118803816"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122766771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118803816","https://openalex.org/I42852656"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10649816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8995000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8995000123977661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.02710000053048134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.014700000174343586,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8112000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-visual-system-model","display_name":"Human visual system model","score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brightness","display_name":"Brightness","score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.3382999897003174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8112000226974487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6604999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6243000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160086991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5939193","display_name":"Human visual system model","level":3,"score":0.5867000222206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191795146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3878446","display_name":"Norm (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4659000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.37529999017715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125245961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656","display_name":"Brightness","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3221000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781427961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q430024","display_name":"Human eye","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102634674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868473","display_name":"Smoothness","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c4327ee21bc42b6ab6d97a7ad946781","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c4327ee21bc42b6ab6d97a7ad946781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-025-00426-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3764519029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6207320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4982668843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11035002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7309481675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7836423780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Liaoning","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337368","display_name":"Division of Graduate Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00whkrf32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122848269.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7122848269.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116758234","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1992924822","https://openalex.org/W1999908130","https://openalex.org/W2019500259","https://openalex.org/W2040553845","https://openalex.org/W2048858823","https://openalex.org/W2075110934","https://openalex.org/W2078835702","https://openalex.org/W2092157552","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2134633476","https://openalex.org/W2166278041","https://openalex.org/W2171536163","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2329124714","https://openalex.org/W2521011602","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2621243127","https://openalex.org/W2736803456","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2781800156","https://openalex.org/W2963345217","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2997532515","https://openalex.org/W3011442129","https://openalex.org/W3034196143","https://openalex.org/W3034412497","https://openalex.org/W3111709374","https://openalex.org/W4285592595","https://openalex.org/W4289767001","https://openalex.org/W4293761272","https://openalex.org/W4295122555","https://openalex.org/W4300033809","https://openalex.org/W4322769471","https://openalex.org/W4386025709","https://openalex.org/W4387546320","https://openalex.org/W4397026441","https://openalex.org/W4401673408","https://openalex.org/W4403849738","https://openalex.org/W4404074579","https://openalex.org/W4404486776"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1],"deep":[2,316],"learning":[3],"now":[4],"widely":[5],"applied":[6],"in":[7,60,100,114,146,235,247,300,315],"visual":[8,28,286],"perception":[9],"tasks,":[10],"the":[11,23,26,36,57,89,101,131,148,154,160,276],"question":[12],"of":[13,25,38,62,153,249],"how":[14],"to":[15,35,94,110,141,181,279],"enhance":[16],"adversarial":[17,50,72,301],"stealth":[18,297],"and":[19,64,104,130,144,151,167,186,202,215,233,238,256,268,275,298,311],"effectiveness":[20],"while":[21,241],"addressing":[22],"sensitivity":[24,93],"human":[27,58,90],"system":[29],"has":[30],"become":[31],"urgent.":[32],"In":[33],"response":[34],"limitations":[37],"traditional":[39],"$${L_p}$$":[40],"<mml:math":[41,133],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[42,134],"<mml:msub>":[43,135],"<mml:mi>L</mml:mi>":[44,136],"<mml:mi>p</mml:mi>":[45],"</mml:msub>":[46,138],"</mml:math>":[47,139],"norm":[48,140],"based":[49],"perturbations,":[51],"which":[52],"are":[53],"easily":[54],"noticed":[55],"by":[56],"eye":[59],"terms":[61,248],"brightness":[63,273],"color":[65,258],"distribution,":[66],"this":[67],"paper":[68],"introduces":[69],"a":[70,106,171,293],"low-visibility":[71],"sample":[73],"generation":[74],"method":[75],"Luminance":[76],"Perception":[77],"Constrained":[78],"Adversarial":[79],"Attack":[80],"(LPCAA)":[81],"that":[82,175,222],"integrates":[83],"brightness-aware":[84],"constraints.":[85],"First,":[86],"it":[87,124],"leverages":[88,272],"eye\u2019s":[91],"varying":[92],"different":[95],"light":[96],"wavelengths,":[97],"prioritizes":[98],"perturbations":[99],"blue":[102],"channel,":[103],"uses":[105,176],"dynamic":[107,172],"brightness-weight":[108],"function":[109],"suppress":[111],"sudden":[112],"changes":[113],"overall":[115],"image":[116],"brightness.":[117],"Next,":[118],"through":[119],"an":[120],"energy":[121,277],"functional":[122,278],"framework,":[123],"incorporates":[125],"gradient":[126,179],"regularization,":[127],"sparsity":[128,145],"constraints,":[129],"$${L_2}$$":[132],"<mml:mn>2</mml:mn>":[137],"guarantee":[142],"smoothness":[143],"both":[147,236],"spatial":[149],"distribution":[150,163],"amplitude":[152],"perturbations.":[155],"To":[156],"adaptively":[157],"search":[158],"for":[159,308],"optimal":[161],"perturbation":[162,184,254],"across":[164],"various":[165,216],"images":[166,263],"models,":[168],"we":[169],"propose":[170],"tuning":[173],"mechanism":[174],"finite-difference":[177],"or":[178,264],"feedback":[180],"iteratively":[182],"adjust":[183],"strength":[185],"constraint":[187],"weighting,":[188],"thereby":[189],"balancing":[190],"attack":[191,226,282],"success":[192,227],"rates":[193,228],"with":[194,261,284],"perceptibility.":[195],"Our":[196],"experiments,":[197],"conducted":[198],"on":[199],"CIFAR-10,":[200],"ILSVRC2012,":[201],"other":[203],"datasets,":[204],"systematically":[205],"evaluated":[206],"multiple":[207],"mainstream":[208],"networks":[209],"such":[210],"as":[211],"ResNet,":[212],"VGG,":[213],"MobileNet,":[214],"defense":[217,313],"algorithms.":[218],"The":[219],"findings":[220],"indicate":[221],"LPCAA":[223,271],"achieves":[224],"higher":[225],"than":[229],"FGSM,":[230],"PGD,":[231],"ColorFool,":[232],"PerC-C&amp;W":[234],"white-box":[237],"black-box":[239],"settings,":[240],"also":[242,304],"demonstrating":[243],"notably":[244],"lower":[245],"perceptibility":[246],"structural":[250],"similarity":[251],"index":[252],"measure,":[253],"ratio,":[255],"CIELCh":[257],"differences.":[259],"Even":[260],"high-resolution":[262],"defenses":[265],"like":[266],"compression":[267],"diffusion-based":[269],"denoising,":[270],"awareness":[274],"maintain":[280],"stable":[281],"efficacy":[283,299],"minimal":[285],"distortion.":[287],"This":[288],"approach":[289],"not":[290],"only":[291],"offers":[292],"new":[294],"balance":[295],"between":[296],"attacks,":[302],"but":[303],"poses":[305],"fresh":[306],"challenges":[307],"security":[309],"evaluation":[310],"robust":[312],"strategies":[314],"models.":[317]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2026-01-13T00:00:00"}
