{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399596087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","title":"Ensemble learning based anomaly detection for IoT cybersecurity via Bayesian hyperparameters sensitivity analysis","display_name":"Ensemble learning based anomaly detection for IoT cybersecurity via Bayesian hyperparameters sensitivity analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399596087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","pdf_url":"https://cybersecurity.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://cybersecurity.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016732447","display_name":"Tin Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-5250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tin Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0641-5250","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071752240","display_name":"Farnaz Farid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6335-1885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farnaz Farid","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113249614","display_name":"Abubakar Bello","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abubakar Bello","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Social Sciences, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087242242","display_name":"Fariza Sabrina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8455-2499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fariza Sabrina","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Emerald, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Emerald, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016732447"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.3917,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":42,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98791271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8104631900787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7287120819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.7068403959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6498364210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.5794824361801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.542253315448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.47368624806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-network","display_name":"Bayesian network","score":0.4644007980823517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.430192232131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38368144631385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09782165288925171}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8104631900787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7287120819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.7068403959274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6498364210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.5794824361801147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.542253315448761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.47368624806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33724603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812540","display_name":"Bayesian network","level":2,"score":0.4644007980823517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.430192232131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38368144631385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09782165288925171}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","pdf_url":"https://cybersecurity.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/ff9a85bd-b16b-465b-a6a1-7ce28f6981b4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/ff9a85bd-b16b-465b-a6a1-7ce28f6981b4","pdf_url":"https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/ws/files/94526438/94514692.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402462","display_name":"Edge Hill University Research Information Repository (Edge Hill University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165525304","host_organization_name":"Edge Hill University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165525304"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lai, T, Farid, F, Bello, A & Sabrina, F 2024, 'Ensemble learning based anomaly detection for IoT cybersecurity via Bayesian hyperparameters sensitivity analysis', Cybersecurity, vol. 7, no. 44, 44, pp. 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:301ee7199d0f4367aebd76351da9ca59","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/301ee7199d0f4367aebd76351da9ca59","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-18 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","pdf_url":"https://cybersecurity.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42400-024-00238-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320968","display_name":"University of Western Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399596087.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499399937","https://openalex.org/W1529355025","https://openalex.org/W1550861865","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1968969471","https://openalex.org/W1977177161","https://openalex.org/W1992025196","https://openalex.org/W1994830145","https://openalex.org/W1998710743","https://openalex.org/W2009033060","https://openalex.org/W2009816033","https://openalex.org/W2029375650","https://openalex.org/W2038818805","https://openalex.org/W2049058890","https://openalex.org/W2056132907","https://openalex.org/W2076587863","https://openalex.org/W2080562691","https://openalex.org/W2091319256","https://openalex.org/W2103441516","https://openalex.org/W2122053769","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2134192056","https://openalex.org/W2155632266","https://openalex.org/W2289218694","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2748022024","https://openalex.org/W2884266804","https://openalex.org/W2892077825","https://openalex.org/W2903294440","https://openalex.org/W2951694401","https://openalex.org/W2969468102","https://openalex.org/W2970977083","https://openalex.org/W2984432074","https://openalex.org/W3004207920","https://openalex.org/W3007581057","https://openalex.org/W3020687048","https://openalex.org/W3031870221","https://openalex.org/W3046847601","https://openalex.org/W3093136448","https://openalex.org/W3098620325","https://openalex.org/W3173938423","https://openalex.org/W3192824891","https://openalex.org/W3209498073","https://openalex.org/W3216088300","https://openalex.org/W4200108700","https://openalex.org/W4210888658","https://openalex.org/W4229003780","https://openalex.org/W4234698323","https://openalex.org/W4234845324","https://openalex.org/W4382723369","https://openalex.org/W4400134761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4390421286","https://openalex.org/W4280563792","https://openalex.org/W4389724018","https://openalex.org/W4318719684","https://openalex.org/W3183136280","https://openalex.org/W4318559728","https://openalex.org/W2775233965","https://openalex.org/W4360995913","https://openalex.org/W4312193868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,63],"Internet":[2],"of":[3,10,19,58,66,86,108,118,124],"Things":[4],"(IoT)":[5],"integrates":[6],"more":[7,115],"than":[8,120,156,180],"billions":[9],"intelligent":[11],"devices":[12,24,110],"over":[13],"the":[14,17,166],"globe":[15],"with":[16,21,25,192],"capability":[18],"communicating":[20],"other":[22],"connected":[23],"little":[26],"to":[27,41,200,202,221],"no":[28],"human":[29],"intervention.":[30],"IoT":[31,53,67,150,209],"enables":[32],"data":[33,50,87,93],"aggregation":[34],"and":[35,72,89],"analysis":[36],"on":[37,142],"a":[38,55,70,114,121,139,189,203],"large":[39],"scale":[40],"improve":[42],"life":[43],"quality":[44],"in":[45,79,176],"many":[46],"domains.":[47],"In":[48,134],"particular,":[49],"collected":[51],"by":[52],"contain":[54,102],"tremendous":[56],"amount":[57],"information":[59],"for":[60,75,91,99,131,148],"anomaly":[61,132,153],"detection.":[62,133,154],"heterogeneous":[64,103,106,177],"nature":[65],"is":[68,128],"both":[69],"challenge":[71],"an":[73],"opportunity":[74],"cybersecurity.":[76],"Traditional":[77],"approaches":[78],"cybersecurity":[80,151],"monitoring":[81],"often":[82,112],"require":[83],"different":[84],"kinds":[85],"pre-processing":[88],"handling":[90],"various":[92],"types,":[94],"which":[95,127],"might":[96],"be":[97],"problematic":[98],"datasets":[100,178],"that":[101,195,206],"features.":[104],"However,":[105],"types":[107],"network":[109,204],"can":[111],"capture":[113],"diverse":[116],"set":[117],"signals":[119],"single":[122,159,183],"type":[123],"device":[125],"readings,":[126],"particularly":[129],"useful":[130],"this":[135],"paper,":[136],"we":[137,213],"present":[138],"comprehensive":[140],"study":[141],"using":[143,157,181],"ensemble":[144,163,193],"machine":[145,160,184],"learning":[146,161,164,185,194],"methods":[147],"enhancing":[149,172],"via":[152],"Rather":[155],"one":[158,182],"model,":[162],"combines":[165],"predictive":[167,174,217],"power":[168,218],"from":[169],"multiple":[170,208],"models,":[171],"their":[173,215],"accuracy":[175],"rather":[179],"model.":[186],"We":[187],"propose":[188],"unified":[190],"framework":[191],"utilises":[196],"Bayesian":[197],"hyperparameter":[198],"optimisation":[199],"adapt":[201],"environment":[205],"contains":[207],"sensor":[210],"readings.":[211],"Experimentally,":[212],"illustrate":[214],"high":[216],"when":[219],"compared":[220],"traditional":[222],"methods.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
