{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388399916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7","title":"A deep learning aided differential distinguisher improvement framework with more lightweight and universality","display_name":"A deep learning aided differential distinguisher improvement framework with more lightweight and universality","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388399916","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086718481","display_name":"JiaShuo Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"JiaShuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering Universiy, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Universiy, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006702523","display_name":"Jiongjiong Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2223-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JiongJiong Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering Universiy, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Universiy, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083823437","display_name":"Shaozhen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-2707"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ShaoZhen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Engineering Universiy, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Engineering Universiy, Zhengzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086718481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3726,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85179408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7595613598823547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5732638835906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.5464637279510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.48423147201538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.4572955369949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44939711689949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.44490012526512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4405903220176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4315778911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.391096830368042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7595613598823547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5732638835906982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.5464637279510498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.48423147201538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.4572955369949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44939711689949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.44490012526512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4405903220176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4315778911113739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.391096830368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0c01b66e0ee546bfa2b4077d66baca30","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0c01b66e0ee546bfa2b4077d66baca30","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s42400-023-00176-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8234322185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206312","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388399916.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388399916.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1629301835","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2135759164","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2969001071","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3159555774","https://openalex.org/W4289755240","https://openalex.org/W4317928249","https://openalex.org/W6603036350","https://openalex.org/W6604344240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2949283829","https://openalex.org/W2777135250","https://openalex.org/W1849484603","https://openalex.org/W1604915031","https://openalex.org/W3089223619","https://openalex.org/W4288849478","https://openalex.org/W4288674537","https://openalex.org/W2940752727","https://openalex.org/W1561797008","https://openalex.org/W2516549250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,172],"CRYPTO":[2],"2019,":[3],"Gohr":[4],"opens":[5],"up":[6],"a":[7,65,74,98,144,160,267],"new":[8,161,181,241],"direction":[9],"for":[10,117,244,280],"cryptanalysis.":[11],"He":[12],"successfully":[13],"applied":[14],"deep":[15],"learning":[16],"to":[17,52,64,113,212,254,266],"differential":[18,31,118],"cryptanalysis":[19],"against":[20],"the":[21,37,43,54,80,86,91,94,108,132,180,190,193,204,208,214,219,226,251,255,271],"NSA":[22],"block":[23],"cipher":[24],"SPECK32/64,":[25],"achieving":[26],"higher":[27],"accuracy":[28,55,220],"than":[29,236],"traditional":[30,205],"distinguishers.":[32,58,247,260],"Until":[33],"now,":[34],"one":[35],"of":[36,56,68,77,89,93,134,179,228,273,277],"mainstream":[38],"research":[39],"directions":[40],"is":[41,101,157],"increasing":[42],"training":[44,82,153,215,229,245],"sample":[45],"size":[46],"and":[47,73,111,137,198],"utilizing":[48],"different":[49],"neural":[50,57,119,127,148,182,194,246,259],"networks":[51],"improve":[53],"This":[59],"conversion":[60],"mindset":[61],"may":[62],"lead":[63],"huge":[66],"number":[67,76,227,272],"parameters,":[69],"heavy":[70],"computing":[71],"load,":[72],"large":[75],"memory":[78],"in":[79,85,97,189,270],"distinguishers":[81,183,279],"process.":[83],"However,":[84],"practical":[87],"application":[88],"cryptanalysis,":[90],"applicability":[92],"attacks":[95],"method":[96],"resource-constrained":[99],"environment":[100],"very":[102],"important.":[103],"Therefore,":[104],"we":[105,123,142,174,202,249],"focus":[106],"on":[107,167],"cost":[109,216],"optimization":[110],"aim":[112],"reduce":[114,213],"network":[115,138,242,252],"parameters":[116,230,274],"cryptanalysis.In":[120],"this":[121],"paper,":[122],"propose":[124],"two":[125,168],"cost-optimized":[126],"distinguisher":[128,149],"improvement":[129,170],"methods":[130],"from":[131],"aspect":[133],"data":[135,154],"format":[136,155],"structure,":[139],"respectively.":[140],"Firstly,":[141],"obtain":[143],"partial":[145,256],"output":[146,257],"difference":[147,258],"using":[150,239],"only":[151],"4-bits":[152],"which":[156],"constructed":[158],"with":[159,207],"advantage":[162,199],"bits":[163],"search":[164],"algorithm":[165],"based":[166],"key":[169],"conditions.":[171],"addition,":[173],"perform":[175],"an":[176],"interpretability":[177],"analysis":[178],"whose":[184],"results":[185],"are":[186],"mainly":[187],"reflected":[188],"relationship":[191],"between":[192],"distinguishers,":[195],"truncated":[196],"differential,":[197],"bits.":[200],"Secondly,":[201],"replace":[203],"convolution":[206,211],"depthwise":[209],"separable":[210],"without":[217],"affecting":[218],"as":[221,223],"much":[222],"possible.":[224],"Overall,":[225],"can":[231],"be":[232],"reduced":[233],"by":[234,238],"less":[235],"50%":[237],"our":[240],"structure":[243,253],"Finally,":[248],"apply":[250],"The":[261],"combinatorial":[262],"approach":[263],"have":[264],"led":[265],"further":[268],"reduction":[269],"(approximately":[275],"30%":[276],"Gohr\u2019s":[278],"SPECK).":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}