{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3164397115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","title":"DeepMal: maliciousness-Preserving adversarial instruction learning against static malware detection","display_name":"DeepMal: maliciousness-Preserving adversarial instruction learning against static malware detection","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3164397115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","mag":"3164397115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","pdf_url":"https://cybersecurity.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://cybersecurity.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015252816","display_name":"Chun Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6297-4500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047600147","display_name":"Jinghui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-5293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinghui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064365235","display_name":"Shuangshuang Liang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangshuang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051756388","display_name":"Yanna Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanna Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101452958","display_name":"Yu Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-0742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677423","display_name":"Boyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5065-8762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101525319","display_name":"Dan Meng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-9283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering (IIE), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), North of Yiyuan, Xingshikou Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101452958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"],"apc_list":{"value":1230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1230},"apc_paid":{"value":1230,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1230},"fwci":2.6008,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91163364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8758940696716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8041189908981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7918363213539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6604973077774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5878278017044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5868266820907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.42184579372406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3572639524936676}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8758940696716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8041189908981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7918363213539124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6604973077774048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5878278017044067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5868266820907593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.42184579372406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3572639524936676}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","pdf_url":"https://cybersecurity.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:057dd1b1a29e432a8b982887cd13bcb5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/057dd1b1a29e432a8b982887cd13bcb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity, Vol 4, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","pdf_url":"https://cybersecurity.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s42400-021-00079-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035238565","display_name":"Cybersecurity","issn_l":"2523-3246","issn":["2523-3246"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cybersecurity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164397115.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3164397115.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W224410497","https://openalex.org/W1893133781","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W1966948031","https://openalex.org/W1974527629","https://openalex.org/W1995739251","https://openalex.org/W1996975221","https://openalex.org/W2009614414","https://openalex.org/W2010065958","https://openalex.org/W2024170198","https://openalex.org/W2048693719","https://openalex.org/W2062847633","https://openalex.org/W2070970642","https://openalex.org/W2082594235","https://openalex.org/W2107089133","https://openalex.org/W2110889728","https://openalex.org/W2135356309","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2408141691","https://openalex.org/W2528572867","https://openalex.org/W2560252021","https://openalex.org/W2564186131","https://openalex.org/W2579698096","https://openalex.org/W2581313255","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2610321374","https://openalex.org/W2732916693","https://openalex.org/W2743556905","https://openalex.org/W2745565856","https://openalex.org/W2751013686","https://openalex.org/W2765424254","https://openalex.org/W2798302089","https://openalex.org/W2895873723","https://openalex.org/W2922344003","https://openalex.org/W2962861874","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W3015481738","https://openalex.org/W3103557498","https://openalex.org/W4247464060","https://openalex.org/W6600466347","https://openalex.org/W6601101692","https://openalex.org/W6634580229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201228709","https://openalex.org/W2922354075","https://openalex.org/W4389157351","https://openalex.org/W4253977752","https://openalex.org/W2964829536","https://openalex.org/W3120595989","https://openalex.org/W4232561318","https://openalex.org/W2904586340","https://openalex.org/W3214090987","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Outside":[1],"the":[2,90,123,172,201],"explosive":[3],"successful":[4],"applications":[5],"of":[6,187,206],"deep":[7],"learning":[8,41,69,77,96,115,224],"(DL)":[9],"in":[10,122],"natural":[11],"language":[12],"processing,":[13],"computer":[14,48],"vision,":[15],"and":[16,93,104,113,153,175,180,200,219],"information":[17],"retrieval,":[18],"there":[19],"have":[20],"been":[21],"numerous":[22],"Deep":[23],"Neural":[24],"Networks":[25],"(DNNs)":[26],"based":[27,72],"alternatives":[28],"for":[29,79],"common":[30],"security-related":[31],"scenarios":[32],"with":[33,171,228],"malware":[34,51,81,108,136,169,188,207],"detection":[35],"among":[36],"more":[37,225],"popular.":[38],"Recently,":[39],"adversarial":[40,52,67,75,95,102,208],"has":[42],"gained":[43],"much":[44],"focus.":[45],"However,":[46],"unlike":[47],"vision":[49],"applications,":[50],"attack":[53,120,167,198],"is":[54,89,210],"expected":[55],"to":[56,195],"guarantee":[57],"malwares\u2019":[58],"original":[59,197],"maliciousness":[60],"semantics.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"proposes":[64],"a":[65],"novel":[66],"instruction":[68,76],"technique,":[70],"DeepMal,":[71],"on":[73,145,162],"an":[74],"approach":[78],"static":[80,107],"detection.":[82],"So":[83],"far":[84],"as":[85],"we":[86],"know,":[87],"DeepMal":[88,144,165,214],"first":[91],"practical":[92],"systematical":[94],"method,":[97],"which":[98,132],"could":[99,133],"directly":[100],"produce":[101],"samples":[103,189,209],"effectively":[105],"bypass":[106],"detectors":[109,170,218],"powered":[110],"by":[111,223],"DL":[112,151],"machine":[114],"(ML)":[116],"models":[117],"while":[118],"preserving":[119],"functionality":[121],"real":[124],"world.":[125],"Moreover,":[126],"our":[127],"method":[128],"conducts":[129],"small-scale":[130],"attacks,":[131],"evade":[134,216],"typical":[135,150,155,168,185],"variants":[137],"analysis":[138],"(e.g.,":[139],"duplication":[140,203],"check).":[141],"We":[142],"evaluate":[143],"two":[146],"real-world":[147],"datasets,":[148,164],"six":[149],"models,":[152],"three":[154,184],"ML":[156],"models.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"that,":[161],"both":[163],"can":[166,215],"mean":[173,202],"F1-score":[174,176],"decreasing":[177],"maximal":[178],"93.94%":[179],"82.86%":[181],"respectively.":[182],"Besides,":[183,213],"types":[186],"(Trojan":[190],"horses,":[191],"Backdoors,":[192],"Ransomware)":[193],"prove":[194],"preserve":[196],"functionality,":[199],"check":[204],"ratio":[205],"below":[211],"2.0%.":[212],"dynamic":[217,226],"be":[220],"easily":[221],"enhanced":[222],"features":[227],"specific":[229],"constraints.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}