{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407724304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","title":"Ground fault insulation monitoring method for smart substation based on Mahalanobis distance and automatic code generation","display_name":"Ground fault insulation monitoring method for smart substation based on Mahalanobis distance and automatic code generation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407724304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","pdf_url":"https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035173479","display_name":"Energy Informatics","issn_l":"2520-8942","issn":["2520-8942"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100759231","display_name":"Xiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9168-6631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163488","display_name":"Pingliang People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03j4gka24","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072740357","display_name":"Haopeng Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7749-9766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163488","display_name":"Pingliang People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03j4gka24","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haopeng Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007006667","display_name":"Ke Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4236-1130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163488","display_name":"Pingliang People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03j4gka24","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiyan Dou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163488","display_name":"Pingliang People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03j4gka24","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiyan Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Najuan Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163488","display_name":"Pingliang People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03j4gka24","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najuan Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company, Pingliang Power Supply Company, Pingliang, 744000, Gansu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163488"],"apc_list":{"value":790,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":969},"apc_paid":{"value":790,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":969},"fwci":0.8497,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69195492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12451","display_name":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9843000173568726,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.9046466946601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5744551420211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5566509366035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.49803662300109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49433255195617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.43152546882629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3630944788455963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3245602250099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2568475008010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14061659574508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.09713652729988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.06322410702705383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.9046466946601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5744551420211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5566509366035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.49803662300109863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49433255195617676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.43152546882629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3630944788455963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3245602250099182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2568475008010864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14061659574508667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.09713652729988098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.06322410702705383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","pdf_url":"https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035173479","display_name":"Energy Informatics","issn_l":"2520-8942","issn":["2520-8942"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9bc37dfe91fe4ff49b4e4b75c2a94198","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9bc37dfe91fe4ff49b4e4b75c2a94198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energy Informatics, Vol 8, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","pdf_url":"https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42162-025-00470-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035173479","display_name":"Energy Informatics","issn_l":"2520-8942","issn":["2520-8942"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407724304.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407724304.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2798122059","https://openalex.org/W2887815687","https://openalex.org/W2940489709","https://openalex.org/W2966342215","https://openalex.org/W2981285466","https://openalex.org/W2997139097","https://openalex.org/W3091482996","https://openalex.org/W3170334106","https://openalex.org/W4206814235","https://openalex.org/W4210936167","https://openalex.org/W4372292254","https://openalex.org/W4381800855","https://openalex.org/W4399260698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382795578","https://openalex.org/W2355463328","https://openalex.org/W2402648945","https://openalex.org/W1431147547","https://openalex.org/W2055761197","https://openalex.org/W939486154","https://openalex.org/W2053213469","https://openalex.org/W2057608111","https://openalex.org/W2927068219","https://openalex.org/W3094086031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142],"existence":[1],"of":[2,10,36,63,79,123,132,139,150],"a":[3,26],"ring":[4],"network":[5],"significantly":[6,198,214],"increases":[7],"the":[8,14,21,34,61,66,77,89,97,100,147,158,164,170,179,202,218],"proportion":[9],"harmonic":[11,91],"components":[12,87],"in":[13,25,28,201,217],"DC":[15,124],"system":[16],"branch":[17,90],"current,":[18],"correspondingly":[19],"diminishing":[20],"low-frequency":[22,86],"components,":[23],"resulting":[24],"decrease":[27],"signal-to-noise":[29],"ratio":[30],"and":[31,54,130,178,196,212],"negatively":[32],"impacting":[33],"accuracy":[35,172],"ground":[37,127],"fault":[38,46,73,107],"insulation":[39,128,137],"monitoring.":[40],"Consequently,":[41],"an":[42],"intelligent":[43],"substation":[44],"grounding":[45,64,140],"isolation":[47],"monitoring":[48,110,122,138,171,181,194,203,210,219],"method":[49,69,152,191,207],"based":[50],"on":[51,96],"Mahalanobis":[52,101],"distance":[53,102],"code":[55,116],"automatic":[56,115],"generation":[57,117],"is":[58,70,93,104,153,161,173,184],"proposed.":[59],"Utilizing":[60],"characteristics":[62],"faults,":[65],"complex":[67],"wavelet":[68],"employed":[71],"for":[72,106],"detection,":[74],"effectively":[75],"addressing":[76],"issue":[78],"inaccurate":[80],"results":[81,144],"caused":[82],"by":[83],"directly":[84],"extracting":[85],"when":[88],"content":[92],"high.":[94],"Based":[95],"detection":[98],"results,":[99],"algorithm":[103],"utilized":[105],"localization.":[108],"Subsequently,":[109],"software":[111],"was":[112],"designed":[113],"using":[114],"technology,":[118],"combined":[119],"with":[120],"real-time":[121],"bus":[125],"to":[126,135],"resistance":[129],"inspection":[131],"faulty":[133],"branches,":[134],"achieve":[136],"faults.":[141],"experimental":[143],"demonstrate":[145],"that":[146,189,205],"amplitude":[148],"error":[149,160,166],"this":[151,190,206],"as":[154,156,174,176],"low":[155],"0.03%,":[157],"phase":[159],"only":[162,185],"0.15%,":[163],"relative":[165],"remains":[167],"below":[168],"1.0%,":[169],"high":[175],"92%,":[177],"maximum":[180],"response":[182],"time":[183],"2":[186],"s,":[187],"substantiating":[188],"exhibits":[192,208],"excellent":[193,209],"performance":[195,211],"can":[197,213],"reduce":[199,215],"errors":[200,216],"process.substantiating":[204],"process.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}