{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283204061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","title":"Cybersecurity in smart local energy systems: requirements, challenges, and standards","display_name":"Cybersecurity in smart local energy systems: requirements, challenges, and standards","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283204061","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","pdf_url":"https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035173479","display_name":"Energy Informatics","issn_l":"2520-8942","issn":["2520-8942"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065830504","display_name":"Siyuan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091681712","display_name":"Jun Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112527","display_name":"Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01t178j62","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4362, Belval, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 4362, Belval, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032160199","display_name":"David Flynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1024-3618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103163895","display_name":"Zhong Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5575-1536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56007636","display_name":"Keele University","ror":"https://ror.org/00340yn33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhong Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Mathematics, Keele University, Keele, Newcastle-under-Lyme, ST5 5BG, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065830504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56007636"],"apc_list":{"value":790,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":969},"apc_paid":{"value":790,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":969},"fwci":3.8884,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93823986,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9624999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7302616834640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.5804827809333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5699190497398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","score":0.5482490658760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification","display_name":"Certification","score":0.49014195799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.467633992433548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-security","display_name":"Physical security","score":0.4535360336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4323519468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.4249304533004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4073559641838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.23939049243927002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7302616834640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.5804827809333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5699190497398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.5482490658760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.49014195799827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.467633992433548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851598","display_name":"Physical security","level":2,"score":0.4535360336303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4323519468307495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.4249304533004761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4073559641838074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.23939049243927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","pdf_url":"https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035173479","display_name":"Energy Informatics","issn_l":"2520-8942","issn":["2520-8942"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:273840","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:716d4f7b4088437fa051ff33371332b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/716d4f7b4088437fa051ff33371332b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energy Informatics, Vol 5, Iss 1, Pp 1-30 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","pdf_url":"https://energyinformatics.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s42162-022-00195-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035173479","display_name":"Energy Informatics","issn_l":"2520-8942","issn":["2520-8942"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energy Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2409969875","display_name":"Energy Revolution Research Consortium - Core - EnergyREV","funder_award_id":"EP/S031863/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7291527660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32R16P00706","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283204061.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283204061.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964693764","https://openalex.org/W1973767013","https://openalex.org/W1991190308","https://openalex.org/W1991376999","https://openalex.org/W1997031540","https://openalex.org/W1999893744","https://openalex.org/W2021042716","https://openalex.org/W2057635989","https://openalex.org/W2057694377","https://openalex.org/W2074609553","https://openalex.org/W2082372830","https://openalex.org/W2098897917","https://openalex.org/W2108906138","https://openalex.org/W2332912277","https://openalex.org/W2543046373","https://openalex.org/W2602930697","https://openalex.org/W2617778626","https://openalex.org/W2765934231","https://openalex.org/W2767534831","https://openalex.org/W2791969307","https://openalex.org/W2792626313","https://openalex.org/W2794538885","https://openalex.org/W2802544366","https://openalex.org/W2803211323","https://openalex.org/W2888118999","https://openalex.org/W2892964188","https://openalex.org/W2895100002","https://openalex.org/W2897993795","https://openalex.org/W2899165152","https://openalex.org/W2902159197","https://openalex.org/W2963983602","https://openalex.org/W2966435215","https://openalex.org/W2966738299","https://openalex.org/W2989727743","https://openalex.org/W2994854007","https://openalex.org/W2998233014","https://openalex.org/W3003133837","https://openalex.org/W3011722983","https://openalex.org/W3021364596","https://openalex.org/W3034006490","https://openalex.org/W3080847572","https://openalex.org/W3087958975","https://openalex.org/W3098503018","https://openalex.org/W3108419517","https://openalex.org/W3113692837","https://openalex.org/W3125957875","https://openalex.org/W3133601417","https://openalex.org/W3154877609","https://openalex.org/W3191097475","https://openalex.org/W3193145382","https://openalex.org/W3206377360","https://openalex.org/W3207537851","https://openalex.org/W4206392402","https://openalex.org/W4236839279","https://openalex.org/W4244129681","https://openalex.org/W4249800925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2493741781","https://openalex.org/W4286492231","https://openalex.org/W3169952320","https://openalex.org/W2715935450","https://openalex.org/W4362684337","https://openalex.org/W2803684864","https://openalex.org/W3039758316","https://openalex.org/W109401302","https://openalex.org/W2785394676","https://openalex.org/W3083585945"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Smart":[1],"local":[2],"energy":[3,28],"system":[4,62],"(SLES)":[5],"can":[6,41,151],"support":[7,128],"tailored":[8],"regional":[9],"solutions":[10],"through":[11],"the":[12,44,52,83,95,98,117,129,153,156,185,198,205,235],"orchestration":[13],"of":[14,47,54,57,75,97,132,149,155,160,237],"cyber":[15,133],"physical":[16,134],"architectures,":[17],"coordinating":[18],"distributed":[19],"technologies,":[20],"with":[21,240],"operational":[22],"and":[23,37,60,73,88,103,113,120,139,158,172,192,195,200,208,219,225],"forecasting":[24],"models":[25],"across":[26],"all":[27,106],"actors.":[29],"Unprecedented":[30],"access":[31],"to":[32,67,81,93,100,105,123,127,168,176,188,233],"new":[33],"information,":[34],"data":[35],"streams":[36],"remotely":[38],"accessible":[39],"control":[40],"substantially":[42],"benefit":[43],"multi-objective":[45],"optimisation":[46],"multiple":[48],"performance":[49],"metrics.":[50],"Given":[51],"expansion":[53],"this":[55],"internet":[56],"things":[58],"(IoT)":[59],"cyber-physical":[61],"(CPS),":[63],"it":[64],"is":[65],"important":[66],"not":[68],"only":[69],"design":[70],"effective":[71],"detection":[72],"management":[74],"potential":[76],"cybersecurity":[77],"issues,":[78],"but":[79],"also":[80,182],"address":[82],"challenges":[84],"in":[85,223],"having":[86],"affective":[87],"adaptive":[89],"governance\u2014built":[90],"on":[91,125,204],"standards":[92,119,138,164],"ensure":[94,234],"security":[96,171,209,243],"IoT":[99],"minimise":[101],"risks":[102],"harms":[104],"users.":[107],"This":[108],"study":[109],"conducts":[110],"an":[111,229],"extensive":[112],"critical":[114],"investigation":[115],"into":[116],"existing":[118,137],"identifies":[121],"areas":[122],"focus":[124],"as":[126],"expansive":[130],"adoption":[131],"networks.":[135],"Although":[136],"protocols":[140],"are":[141],"highly":[142],"fragmented,":[143],"our":[144],"findings":[145],"suggest":[146],"that":[147,184],"many":[148,163],"them":[150],"meet":[152],"requirements":[154,210],"applications":[157,212],"infrastructures":[159],"SLES.":[161],"Additionally,":[162,216],"have":[165],"been":[166],"introduced":[167],"protect":[169],"information":[170],"personal":[173],"privacy":[174],"due":[175],"their":[177],"increasing":[178],"importance.":[179],"The":[180],"research":[181],"suggests":[183],"industry":[186],"needs":[187],"produce":[189],"more":[190],"affordable":[191],"cyber-secured":[193],"devices":[194],"services.":[196],"For":[197],"government":[199],"regulators,":[201],"relevant":[202],"guidelines":[203],"minimum":[206],"function":[207],"for":[211],"should":[213,221],"be":[214,222],"provided.":[215],"compliance":[217],"testing":[218],"certifications":[220],"place":[224],"carried":[226],"out":[227],"by":[228,245],"independent":[230],"third":[231],"party":[232],"components":[236],"SLES":[238],"ecosystem":[239],"a":[241],"satisfied":[242],"level":[244],"design.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
