{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892397150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","title":"Automatic distractor generation for multiple-choice English vocabulary questions","display_name":"Automatic distractor generation for multiple-choice English vocabulary questions","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892397150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","mag":"2892397150","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30595743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","pdf_url":"https://telrp.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119620556","display_name":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning","issn_l":"1793-2068","issn":["1793-2068","1793-7078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://telrp.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043330748","display_name":"Yuni Susanti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1314-0286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuni Susanti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan","Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057761218","display_name":"Takenobu Tokunaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1399-9517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takenobu Tokunaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan","Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005002002","display_name":"Hitoshi Nishikawa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Nishikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan","Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (W8E-6F), Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073475427","display_name":"Hiroyuki Obari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9203-6785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131231118","display_name":"Aoyama Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/002rw7y37","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Obari","raw_affiliation_strings":["2College of Economics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","College of Economics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2College of Economics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043330748"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4089,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91255705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collocation","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","score":0.7672946453094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7652345895767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6980860829353333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6183290481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6022608280181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-semantic-analysis","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","score":0.5813782811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5733476281166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5532532930374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5298891663551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5263917446136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.4810259938240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-choice","display_name":"Multiple choice","score":0.4543962776660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.41947492957115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3660241365432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35867106914520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3414774239063263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.13559862971305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13536018133163452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80023036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147531","display_name":"Collocation (remote sensing)","level":2,"score":0.7672946453094482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7652345895767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6980860829353333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6183290481567383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6022608280181885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170133592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806883","display_name":"Latent semantic analysis","level":2,"score":0.5813782811164856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5733476281166077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5532532930374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5298891663551331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5263917446136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.4810259938240051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176730311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q867668","display_name":"Multiple choice","level":3,"score":0.4543962776660919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41947492957115173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3660241365432739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35867106914520264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3414774239063263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.13559862971305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13536018133163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","pdf_url":"https://telrp.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119620556","display_name":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning","issn_l":"1793-2068","issn":["1793-2068","1793-7078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:30595743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30595743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research and practice in technology enhanced learning","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:5279854","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC6294274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:6294274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6294274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Res Pract Technol Enhanc Learn","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:064f8c798ea44fcabe4e0e1a39f96a38","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/064f8c798ea44fcabe4e0e1a39f96a38","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2018)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp:50426484","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://t2r2.star.titech.ac.jp/cgi-bin/publicationinfo.cgi?q_publication_content_number=CTT100772683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196385","display_name":"Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","host_organization_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","pdf_url":"https://telrp.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s41039-018-0082-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119620556","display_name":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning","issn_l":"1793-2068","issn":["1793-2068","1793-7078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892397150.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892397150.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W612452362","https://openalex.org/W1564747309","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1954968711","https://openalex.org/W1965158952","https://openalex.org/W1995794567","https://openalex.org/W2033398965","https://openalex.org/W2038721957","https://openalex.org/W2069221834","https://openalex.org/W2109609717","https://openalex.org/W2115355906","https://openalex.org/W2150092131","https://openalex.org/W2168520716","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251024444","https://openalex.org/W2251601342","https://openalex.org/W2295585877","https://openalex.org/W2396440751","https://openalex.org/W2404206802","https://openalex.org/W2578080060","https://openalex.org/W2593434837","https://openalex.org/W2614582630","https://openalex.org/W2758591789","https://openalex.org/W2770717476","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W4235505822","https://openalex.org/W4248674065","https://openalex.org/W4300280802","https://openalex.org/W6618996014","https://openalex.org/W6691431627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2383111961","https://openalex.org/W2370840338","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2365952365","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2352448290","https://openalex.org/W2377492718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34,91],"use":[1],"of":[2,13,78,118],"automated":[3],"systems":[4],"in":[5],"second-language":[6],"learning":[7],"could":[8],"substantially":[9],"reduce":[10],"the":[11,53,58,63,76,79,83,95,103,107],"workload":[12],"human":[14],"teachers":[15],"and":[16,44,48,89],"test":[17],"creators.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"proposes":[21],"a":[22,86,111],"novel":[23],"method":[24,36,60,88,97],"for":[25,29,40],"automatically":[26],"generating":[27],"distractors":[28,80,101,109],"multiple-choice":[30],"English":[31,67],"vocabulary":[32],"questions.":[33],"proposed":[35,59,84,96],"introduces":[37],"new":[38],"sources":[39],"collecting":[41],"distractor":[42],"candidates":[43],"utilises":[45],"semantic":[46],"similarity":[47],"collocation":[49],"information":[50],"when":[51],"ranking":[52],"collected":[54],"candidates.":[55],"We":[56,69],"evaluated":[57],"by":[61,82],"administering":[62],"questions":[64],"to":[65,74],"real":[66],"learners.":[68],"further":[70],"asked":[71],"an":[72],"expert":[73],"judge":[75],"quality":[77,112],"generated":[81,108],"method,":[85],"baseline":[87,104],"humans.":[90],"results":[92],"show":[93],"that":[94,113,117],"produces":[98],"fewer":[99],"problematic":[100],"than":[102],"method.":[105],"Furthermore,":[106],"have":[110],"is":[114],"comparable":[115],"with":[116],"human-made":[119],"distractors.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}