{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163323308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","title":"Emotion recognition using spectral-spatial attention multi-temporal scale network: EEG study","display_name":"Emotion recognition using spectral-spatial attention multi-temporal scale network: EEG study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-06-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163323308","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42234340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498492389","display_name":"Brain Informatics","issn_l":"2198-4018","issn":["2198-4018","2198-4026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137743589","display_name":"Zhe Tao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070829528","display_name":"Guanghao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5750-1047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guanghao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. hgh@qdu.edu.cn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. hgh@qdu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024880769","display_name":"Leilei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1150-5309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leilei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Aibisheng Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518081, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Aibisheng Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003389425","display_name":"Zhuochao Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuochao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687681","display_name":"Liu Y","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0994-0109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhua Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137769709","display_name":"Keum Shik Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["CN","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keum Shik Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Future, School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070829528"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":990},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69547918,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.954800009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.954800009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.03319999948143959,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arousal","display_name":"Arousal","score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/valence","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43549999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-classification","display_name":"Emotion classification","score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.40689998865127563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.5414999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36951298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379784","display_name":"Arousal","level":2,"score":0.5371999740600586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.491100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168900304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171407","display_name":"Valence (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4390999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43549999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206310091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750859","display_name":"Emotion classification","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.37770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020774634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3113318","display_name":"Emotional valence","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120843803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955807","display_name":"Brain activity and meditation","level":3,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2897999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125990524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322921","display_name":"EEG-fMRI","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498492389","display_name":"Brain Informatics","issn_l":"2198-4018","issn":["2198-4018","2198-4026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42234340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42234340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain informatics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d81c81cfb85b4756b5d2223c9e63d11f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d81c81cfb85b4756b5d2223c9e63d11f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brain Informatics, Vol 13, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13272739","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13272739/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brain Inform","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40708-026-00309-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2498492389","display_name":"Brain Informatics","issn_l":"2198-4018","issn":["2198-4018","2198-4026"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1947251450","https://openalex.org/W1970727126","https://openalex.org/W2002055708","https://openalex.org/W2045468728","https://openalex.org/W2081420711","https://openalex.org/W2107469377","https://openalex.org/W2151670337","https://openalex.org/W2170883741","https://openalex.org/W2232827647","https://openalex.org/W2289714406","https://openalex.org/W2507306959","https://openalex.org/W2507636500","https://openalex.org/W2552144562","https://openalex.org/W2564300191","https://openalex.org/W2738926490","https://openalex.org/W2744129140","https://openalex.org/W2772766867","https://openalex.org/W2786768213","https://openalex.org/W2790404832","https://openalex.org/W2799948896","https://openalex.org/W2811153207","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2889504373","https://openalex.org/W2897116538","https://openalex.org/W2897751982","https://openalex.org/W2902658614","https://openalex.org/W2963631961","https://openalex.org/W2980175391","https://openalex.org/W3026272888","https://openalex.org/W3086802387","https://openalex.org/W3120178332","https://openalex.org/W3126569634","https://openalex.org/W3130935255","https://openalex.org/W3152338574","https://openalex.org/W3181112119","https://openalex.org/W4213439026","https://openalex.org/W4220656408","https://openalex.org/W4220866631","https://openalex.org/W4247205789","https://openalex.org/W4291720785","https://openalex.org/W4291910522","https://openalex.org/W4292730600","https://openalex.org/W4323927812","https://openalex.org/W4364302686","https://openalex.org/W4386973857","https://openalex.org/W4389917421","https://openalex.org/W4392465300","https://openalex.org/W4392908067","https://openalex.org/W4403645632","https://openalex.org/W4405223285","https://openalex.org/W4405510425","https://openalex.org/W4405543264","https://openalex.org/W4412853131","https://openalex.org/W7125957745","https://openalex.org/W7130821444"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electroencephalography":[0],"(EEG)":[1],"provides":[2],"a":[3,32,48,52,59],"non-invasive,":[4],"portable,":[5],"and":[6,21,58,71,77,87,107,117,120,122,127,148,158],"cost-effective":[7],"solution":[8],"for":[9,162],"emotion":[10,149,163],"classification,":[11],"but":[12],"existing":[13],"methods":[14],"often":[15],"struggle":[16],"to":[17,39],"capture":[18],"spatial-spectral":[19],"dependencies":[20],"multi-temporal":[22,35,53,94],"scale":[23,36,54,95],"dynamics":[24],"inherent":[25],"in":[26],"EEG":[27,74,160],"signals.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"proposes":[31],"spectral-spatial":[33,49],"attention":[34,50,83],"network":[37],"(SSA-MTSNet)":[38],"address":[40],"these":[41],"challenges.":[42],"The":[43],"SSA-MTSNet":[44,67,111],"integrates":[45],"3":[46],"components:":[47],"module,":[51,57],"spatio-temporal":[55],"convolution":[56],"long":[60],"short-term":[61],"memory":[62],"(LSTM)":[63],"module.":[64],"First,":[65],"the":[66,105,110,125,138],"preserves":[68],"electrode":[69],"topology":[70],"simultaneously":[72],"enhances":[73],"signal":[75],"frequencies":[76],"interactions":[78],"among":[79],"brain":[80],"regions":[81],"through":[82],"mechanisms.":[84],"Then,":[85],"short-":[86],"long-term":[88],"emotional":[89],"cues":[90],"are":[91],"captured":[92],"using":[93],"convolution,":[96],"followed":[97],"by":[98,152],"sequence":[99],"modeling":[100,154],"with":[101],"LSTM.":[102],"Evaluated":[103],"on":[104,124],"SEED":[106],"SEED-IV":[108],"datasets,":[109],"achieves":[112,141],"average":[113],"accuracies":[114],"of":[115,131],"98.34%":[116],"91.79%":[118],"respectively,":[119],"95.13%":[121],"95.30%":[123],"valence":[126],"arousal":[128],"classification":[129],"tasks":[130],"DEAP,":[132],"respectively.":[133],"These":[134],"results":[135],"suggest":[136],"that":[137],"proposed":[139],"model":[140],"competitive":[142],"performance":[143],"across":[144],"different":[145],"experimental":[146],"paradigms":[147],"labeling":[150],"strategies":[151],"jointly":[153],"complementary":[155],"spectral,":[156],"spatial,":[157],"temporal":[159],"information":[161],"recognition.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}
