{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414143100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","title":"Exploring ChatGPT in education: unveiling learners\u2019 experiences through the lens of self-determination theory","display_name":"Exploring ChatGPT in education: unveiling learners\u2019 experiences through the lens of self-determination theory","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414143100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","pdf_url":"https://slejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494786546","display_name":"Smart Learning Environments","issn_l":"2196-7091","issn":["2196-7091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://slejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051677899","display_name":"Nagaletchimee Annamalai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8600-5624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nagaletchimee Annamalai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Language and Culture, College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8600-5624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Language and Culture, College of Humanities and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111597236","display_name":"Mohamed Nasor","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Nasor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051677899"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8288077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13812","display_name":"AI and HR Technologies","score":0.9452000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9243999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.7404000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preparedness","display_name":"Preparedness","score":0.6115000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/through-the-lens-metering","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning-theory","display_name":"Social learning theory","score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experiential-learning","display_name":"Experiential learning","score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grounded-theory","display_name":"Grounded theory","score":0.3476000130176544}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.7404000163078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4583103","display_name":"Preparedness","level":2,"score":0.6115000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5810999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4713999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1067788","display_name":"Through-the-lens metering","level":3,"score":0.4223000109195709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3671000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.36469998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15046100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337214","display_name":"Social learning theory","level":2,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156325361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152864","display_name":"Grounded theory","level":3,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156393514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934800","display_name":"Multimethodology","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41852734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990987","display_name":"Social theory","level":2,"score":0.2915000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92393732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790374","display_name":"Learning theory","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845208","display_name":"Learning analytics","level":2,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778365744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426689","display_name":"Learning environment","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132413290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307322","display_name":"Reflective practice","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","pdf_url":"https://slejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494786546","display_name":"Smart Learning Environments","issn_l":"2196-7091","issn":["2196-7091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:194c9ccb1afd47be97e9600b651b30e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/194c9ccb1afd47be97e9600b651b30e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Smart Learning Environments, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","pdf_url":"https://slejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40561-025-00393-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494786546","display_name":"Smart Learning Environments","issn_l":"2196-7091","issn":["2196-7091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414143100.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4414143100.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051576146","https://openalex.org/W2091678085","https://openalex.org/W2239306219","https://openalex.org/W2765550159","https://openalex.org/W2954227114","https://openalex.org/W2998940246","https://openalex.org/W3048560297","https://openalex.org/W3048936401","https://openalex.org/W3125358881","https://openalex.org/W3173368240","https://openalex.org/W4229056760","https://openalex.org/W4231536150","https://openalex.org/W4292084134","https://openalex.org/W4312083290","https://openalex.org/W4313262066","https://openalex.org/W4313564799","https://openalex.org/W4318014888","https://openalex.org/W4319083882","https://openalex.org/W4321167341","https://openalex.org/W4321499901","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4324046518","https://openalex.org/W4327946446","https://openalex.org/W4362584541","https://openalex.org/W4362585490","https://openalex.org/W4365512576","https://openalex.org/W4365792012","https://openalex.org/W4378193514","https://openalex.org/W4381378655","https://openalex.org/W4382560004","https://openalex.org/W4384641573","https://openalex.org/W4385988305","https://openalex.org/W4386068439","https://openalex.org/W4387815597","https://openalex.org/W4388701278","https://openalex.org/W4391945499","https://openalex.org/W4399434635","https://openalex.org/W4400582626","https://openalex.org/W4401399449","https://openalex.org/W4401528437","https://openalex.org/W4402129821"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4321486002","https://openalex.org/W2050941231","https://openalex.org/W2348285641","https://openalex.org/W1622737280","https://openalex.org/W4321517506","https://openalex.org/W4387524676","https://openalex.org/W2390629623","https://openalex.org/W4399703469"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,78,88,157,177],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,35,49,146,154,174],"Technology-enhanced":[5],"learning":[6,12,139,167],"(TEL)":[7],"has":[8],"transformed":[9],"the":[10,33,47,62,66,128,138,143,152,166,171],"smart":[11],"environments":[13],"into":[14],"higher":[15],"education,":[16],"encouraging":[17],"greater":[18],"interactivity,":[19],"personalization,":[20],"and":[21,69,86,97,120],"learner":[22],"autonomy.":[23,87],"This":[24],"study":[25,129,158],"employed":[26],"a":[27],"mixed":[28],"methods":[29],"design":[30],"to":[31,64,71,102,106,188],"investigate":[32],"experiences":[34],"undergraduate":[36,59],"students":[37,60],"in":[38,41,61,93,116,134,162],"utilising":[39],"ChatGPT":[40],"an":[42],"educational":[43],"context":[44],"aligning":[45,141,169],"with":[46,57,75,142,170],"principles":[48],"Self-Determination":[50],"Theory":[51],"(SDT).":[52],"A":[53],"survey":[54],"was":[55],"conducted":[56],"83":[58],"UAE":[63],"gather":[65],"quantitative":[67],"data":[68],"further":[70],"triangulate":[72],"through":[73],"interviews":[74,79],"20":[76],"students.":[77],"were":[80,111],"categorised":[81],"based":[82],"on":[83],"competence,":[84],"relatedness,":[85],"findings":[89,178],"demonstrated":[90],"ChatGPT\u2019s":[91,114,132,160],"potential":[92],"addressing":[94],"advanced":[95],"queries":[96],"breaking":[98],"down":[99],"intricate":[100],"information":[101],"enhance":[103],"comprehension,":[104],"catering":[105],"diverse":[107],"learners.":[108],"Positive":[109],"themes":[110],"identified":[112],"indicating":[113],"influence":[115],"reducing":[117],"social":[118],"anxiety":[119],"enhancing":[121],"learners\u2019":[122],"preparedness":[123],"for":[124,183],"professional":[125],"developments.":[126],"Additionally,":[127],"reported":[130],"that":[131],"role":[133,161],"promoting":[135,163],"autonomy":[136,164],"during":[137],"activities,":[140],"broader":[144,172],"philosophy":[145,173],"self-directed":[147,175],"learning.":[148,176],"Nevertheless,":[149],"participants":[150],"acknowledge":[151],"lack":[153],"human":[155],"interaction.":[156],"highlights":[159],"within":[165],"journey,":[168],"contribute":[179],"valuable":[180],"pedagogical":[181],"implications":[182],"educators,":[184],"suggesting":[185],"supplementary":[186],"strategies":[187],"foster":[189],"emotional":[190],"intelligence.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-02T08:42:23.175194","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}