{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385318190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","title":"Continuous user identification in distance learning: a recent technology perspective","display_name":"Continuous user identification in distance learning: a recent technology perspective","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385318190","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","pdf_url":"https://slejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494786546","display_name":"Smart Learning Environments","issn_l":"2196-7091","issn":["2196-7091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://slejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046722511","display_name":"David Portugal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1447-0439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Portugal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016109441","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 N. Faria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7506-1113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 N. Faria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071818231","display_name":"Marios Belk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6200-0178"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Belk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive UX GmbH, 69253, Heidelberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive UX GmbH, 69253, Heidelberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024233672","display_name":"Pedro Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3630-7034"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","display_name":"University of Coimbra","ror":"https://ror.org/04z8k9a98","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Systems and Robotics, University of Coimbra, 3030-290, Coimbra, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013714928","display_name":"Argyris Constantinides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2737-6318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Argyris Constantinides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018740948","display_name":"Anna Maria Pietron","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3658-6034"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Pietron","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cognitive UX GmbH, 69253, Heidelberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cognitive UX GmbH, 69253, Heidelberg, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062769214","display_name":"Andreas Pitsillides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Pitsillides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Cyprus, 1678, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033822411","display_name":"Nikolaos Avouris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5408-1844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Avouris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050671131","display_name":"Christos Fidas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-0244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos A. Fidas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04, Patras, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, 265 04, Patras, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046722511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.752,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9775354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.7808376550674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7158092260360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.6504002213478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"Distance education","score":0.6472235918045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credibility","display_name":"Credibility","score":0.6300486922264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agile-software-development","display_name":"Agile software development","score":0.567791759967804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5340754985809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.48673394322395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4458662271499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4442657232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.42310768365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identity","display_name":"Identity (music)","score":0.4174405336380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4019005298614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.34031903743743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21763327717781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.10728573799133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.10327920317649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10169744491577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08909818530082703}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7808376550674438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7158092260360718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6504002213478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.6472235918045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530061","display_name":"Credibility","level":2,"score":0.6300486922264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14185376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30232","display_name":"Agile software development","level":2,"score":0.567791759967804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5340754985809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.48673394322395325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4458662271499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4442657232284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.42310768365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.4174405336380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4019005298614502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.34031903743743896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21763327717781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.10728573799133301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.10327920317649841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10169744491577148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08909818530082703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","pdf_url":"https://slejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494786546","display_name":"Smart Learning Environments","issn_l":"2196-7091","issn":["2196-7091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:estudogeral.uc.pt:10316/111193","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10316/111193","pdf_url":"https://estudogeral.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/111193/1/Continuous-user-identification-in-distance-learning-a-recent-technology-perspectiveSmart-Learning-Environments.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402070","display_name":"Estudo Geral (Universidad de Coimbra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I76903346","host_organization_name":"University of Coimbra","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76903346"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cbad07cd749845b696fad9cccf1dc38b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cbad07cd749845b696fad9cccf1dc38b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Smart Learning Environments, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-34 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","pdf_url":"https://slejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40561-023-00255-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2494786546","display_name":"Smart Learning Environments","issn_l":"2196-7091","issn":["2196-7091"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Smart Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2923415532","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-1-EL01-KA226-HE-094869","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","funder_display_name":"Erasmus+"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4415776608","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020-1-EL01-KA226-HE-094869","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321916","funder_display_name":"State Scholarships Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051717526","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321916","display_name":"State Scholarships Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/023z3dm33"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335551","display_name":"Erasmus+","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385318190.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":175,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7336839","https://openalex.org/W12796654","https://openalex.org/W165420563","https://openalex.org/W263057764","https://openalex.org/W760081583","https://openalex.org/W1480112596","https://openalex.org/W1498915505","https://openalex.org/W1724737952","https://openalex.org/W1767861484","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1956121861","https://openalex.org/W1969830854","https://openalex.org/W1970162533","https://openalex.org/W1981157808","https://openalex.org/W1982112776","https://openalex.org/W1986263435","https://openalex.org/W1993708070","https://openalex.org/W1999405202","https://openalex.org/W2001496962","https://openalex.org/W2009295348","https://openalex.org/W2013196554","https://openalex.org/W2030390520","https://openalex.org/W2031187248","https://openalex.org/W2038014880","https://openalex.org/W2043670710","https://openalex.org/W2056610114","https://openalex.org/W2064376060","https://openalex.org/W2065075311","https://openalex.org/W2085400714","https://openalex.org/W2091432990","https://openalex.org/W2094908318","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2097308346","https://openalex.org/W2101026822","https://openalex.org/W2101135135","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2110401929","https://openalex.org/W2111146558","https://openalex.org/W2112059504","https://openalex.org/W2114024372","https://openalex.org/W2115648833","https://openalex.org/W2117553576","https://openalex.org/W2119046875","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2122886097","https://openalex.org/W2123615065","https://openalex.org/W2125587922","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2131437950","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2140959843","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2147668280","https://openalex.org/W2151471312","https://openalex.org/W2151854612","https://openalex.org/W2152010212","https://openalex.org/W2154123601","https://openalex.org/W2154278880","https://openalex.org/W2160744452","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2165689165","https://openalex.org/W2165731615","https://openalex.org/W2169360434","https://openalex.org/W2172256532","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2218307818","https://openalex.org/W2265356345","https://openalex.org/W2325939864","https://openalex.org/W2340640534","https://openalex.org/W2395639500","https://openalex.org/W2396609477","https://openalex.org/W2460605217","https://openalex.org/W2469532945","https://openalex.org/W2475576463","https://openalex.org/W2487754802","https://openalex.org/W2507920704","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2532926524","https://openalex.org/W2554365105","https://openalex.org/W2557841405","https://openalex.org/W2567596150","https://openalex.org/W2573323278","https://openalex.org/W2586221557","https://openalex.org/W2592269569","https://openalex.org/W2600578917","https://openalex.org/W2602507606","https://openalex.org/W2604696241","https://openalex.org/W2609575245","https://openalex.org/W2609646553","https://openalex.org/W2741385175","https://openalex.org/W2741961238","https://openalex.org/W2742342963","https://openalex.org/W2760938034","https://openalex.org/W2766343927","https://openalex.org/W2767111132","https://openalex.org/W2767779661","https://openalex.org/W2769093353","https://openalex.org/W2784017372","https://openalex.org/W2790434905","https://openalex.org/W2796185631","https://openalex.org/W2798479296","https://openalex.org/W2805488546","https://openalex.org/W2806194027","https://openalex.org/W2808939837","https://openalex.org/W2886065796","https://openalex.org/W2892976784","https://openalex.org/W2900200659","https://openalex.org/W2901742084","https://openalex.org/W2905890217","https://openalex.org/W2906835135","https://openalex.org/W2908400479","https://openalex.org/W2911720923","https://openalex.org/W2912581782","https://openalex.org/W2921264692","https://openalex.org/W2921980263","https://openalex.org/W2945679936","https://openalex.org/W2949197199","https://openalex.org/W2955834474","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963510291","https://openalex.org/W2963839617","https://openalex.org/W2964052309","https://openalex.org/W2969727736","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2979063901","https://openalex.org/W2981087920","https://openalex.org/W2990177142","https://openalex.org/W2991514126","https://openalex.org/W3003825427","https://openalex.org/W3004071957","https://openalex.org/W3015963672","https://openalex.org/W3020504510","https://openalex.org/W3028775710","https://openalex.org/W3033572638","https://openalex.org/W3043986197","https://openalex.org/W3083754600","https://openalex.org/W3088311574","https://openalex.org/W3089761014","https://openalex.org/W3091084882","https://openalex.org/W3097932604","https://openalex.org/W3101227480","https://openalex.org/W3101332537","https://openalex.org/W3106426507","https://openalex.org/W3113033734","https://openalex.org/W3116382667","https://openalex.org/W3121901431","https://openalex.org/W3128550975","https://openalex.org/W3132279356","https://openalex.org/W3132412944","https://openalex.org/W3133892436","https://openalex.org/W3137354534","https://openalex.org/W3138135838","https://openalex.org/W3139747278","https://openalex.org/W3161159443","https://openalex.org/W3166002948","https://openalex.org/W3173651060","https://openalex.org/W3174532302","https://openalex.org/W3196640230","https://openalex.org/W3197804775","https://openalex.org/W3214727570","https://openalex.org/W4205821171","https://openalex.org/W4229561215","https://openalex.org/W4233840001","https://openalex.org/W4234488328","https://openalex.org/W4241559538","https://openalex.org/W4251346524","https://openalex.org/W4256161595","https://openalex.org/W4379058506","https://openalex.org/W4380875595","https://openalex.org/W4380875845","https://openalex.org/W6600237248","https://openalex.org/W6674284778","https://openalex.org/W6714487653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388687352","https://openalex.org/W2370187191","https://openalex.org/W1990162851","https://openalex.org/W2369854048","https://openalex.org/W2374291020","https://openalex.org/W2355907197","https://openalex.org/W3171042291","https://openalex.org/W2390961115","https://openalex.org/W2388138913","https://openalex.org/W2385288613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"worldwide":[2],"shift":[3],"to":[4,47,132],"distance":[5],"learning":[6],"at":[7],"Higher":[8],"Education":[9],"Institutions":[10],"(HEIs)":[11],"during":[12,135],"the":[13,22,38,41],"COVID-19":[14],"global":[15],"pandemic":[16],"has":[17],"raised":[18],"several":[19],"concerns":[20],"about":[21],"credibility":[23],"of":[24,40,65],"online":[25,34],"academic":[26,57],"activities,":[27],"especially":[28],"regarding":[29],"student":[30],"identity":[31],"management.":[32],"Traditional":[33],"frameworks":[35],"cannot":[36],"guarantee":[37],"authenticity":[39],"enrolled":[42],"student,":[43],"which":[44],"requires":[45],"instructors":[46],"manually":[48],"verify":[49],"their":[50,84],"identities,":[51],"a":[52,62,94,124],"time-consuming":[53],"task":[54],"that":[55,91,112],"compromises":[56],"quality.":[58],"This":[59],"article":[60],"presents":[61],"comprehensive":[63],"review":[64],"existing":[66,105],"efforts":[67],"around":[68],"continuous":[69,98],"user":[70,99],"identification,":[71],"focusing":[72],"on":[73],"intelligent":[74],"proctoring":[75],"systems":[76,106],"and":[77,120,127],"automatic":[78],"identification":[79,100],"methods,":[80],"as":[81,83,117],"well":[82],"applicability":[85],"in":[86,123],"this":[87],"domain.":[88],"We":[89],"conclude":[90],"there":[92],"is":[93],"clear":[95],"need":[96],"for":[97],"technology":[101],"by":[102],"HEIs,":[103],"but":[104],"lack":[107],"agile":[108],"system":[109],"integration":[110],"models":[111],"combine":[113],"many":[114],"inputs,":[115],"such":[116],"face,":[118],"voice":[119],"behavioural":[121],"data":[122,133],"practical":[125],"manner,":[126],"encounter":[128],"numerous":[129],"barriers":[130],"related":[131],"protection":[134],"implementation.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
