{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128358038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1","title":"Enhanced EEG-based detection of major depressive disorder using maximum likelihood estimation and machine learning","display_name":"Enhanced EEG-based detection of major depressive disorder using maximum likelihood estimation and machine learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128358038","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125424900","display_name":"Arbind Kumar Choudhary","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115715567","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra","ror":"https://ror.org/028vtqb15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arbind Kumar Choudhary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sc. & Engg, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sc. & Engg, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122877871","display_name":"Kamta Nath Mishra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115715567","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra","ror":"https://ror.org/028vtqb15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kamta Nath Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Sc. & Engg, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Sc. & Engg, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102988418","display_name":"Rajesh Kumar Lal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-9148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115715567","display_name":"Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra","ror":"https://ror.org/028vtqb15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Kumar Lal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engg, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engg, Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125413402","display_name":"Dr. Alok Mishra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alok Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122877871"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115715567"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44976283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7217000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7217000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.0731000006198883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6638000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-depressive-disorder","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","score":0.6577000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.41370001435279846}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6816999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6638000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780051608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42844","display_name":"Major depressive disorder","level":3,"score":0.6577000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6402999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.614300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49070000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.44190001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.37779998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.3776000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3772999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.37130001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.2913999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776674806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12135","display_name":"Mental illness","level":3,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27d03c39420f44a28b809e214a40af3a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27d03c39420f44a28b809e214a40af3a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 13, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-026-01380-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1005459783","https://openalex.org/W1488104929","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1736658383","https://openalex.org/W1781131011","https://openalex.org/W1968483512","https://openalex.org/W1969692299","https://openalex.org/W1969959732","https://openalex.org/W1982212447","https://openalex.org/W1994108308","https://openalex.org/W2004718447","https://openalex.org/W2005791255","https://openalex.org/W2012910730","https://openalex.org/W2028739995","https://openalex.org/W2044554700","https://openalex.org/W2080146971","https://openalex.org/W2096209718","https://openalex.org/W2126719297","https://openalex.org/W2127485685","https://openalex.org/W2130140789","https://openalex.org/W2137462357","https://openalex.org/W2143826137","https://openalex.org/W2151139045","https://openalex.org/W2156239645","https://openalex.org/W2157282844","https://openalex.org/W2158468574","https://openalex.org/W2164132847","https://openalex.org/W2166624857","https://openalex.org/W2168901492","https://openalex.org/W2198052463","https://openalex.org/W2208039604","https://openalex.org/W2479263883","https://openalex.org/W2503406031","https://openalex.org/W2584523198","https://openalex.org/W2885839206","https://openalex.org/W2901099183","https://openalex.org/W3014934541","https://openalex.org/W3089319516","https://openalex.org/W4211037405","https://openalex.org/W4230797216","https://openalex.org/W4256722621","https://openalex.org/W4293690109","https://openalex.org/W4376128380","https://openalex.org/W4382052968","https://openalex.org/W4386768872","https://openalex.org/W4400229026","https://openalex.org/W4407402416","https://openalex.org/W4414547313"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Major":[1],"depressive":[2],"disorder":[3],"is":[4,17,155],"a":[5,133,185],"serious":[6],"and":[7,34,71,130,178,217,260],"debilitating":[8],"mental":[9,197],"health":[10,198],"condition":[11],"that":[12,60,90,111,268],"affects":[13],"millions":[14],"worldwide.":[15],"Diagnosis":[16],"important":[18],"mainly":[19],"for":[20,112,119,136,168,181,187,202],"the":[21,25,44,62,69,75,95,115,126,137,146,151,158,163,205,246],"successful":[22],"treatment":[23],"of":[24,77,117,139,160],"disorder,":[26],"while":[27],"traditional":[28],"clinical":[29],"judgment":[30],"can":[31],"be":[32],"subjective":[33],"sometimes":[35],"less":[36],"than":[37],"accurate.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"work,":[41],"we":[42,170],"take":[43],"opposite":[45],"tack":[46],"by":[47],"exploring":[48],"electroencephalogram":[49],"signals.":[50],"We":[51,81],"applied":[52],"MLE":[53,118,161],"to":[54,89,195,213,219,228,256,261],"select":[55],"only":[56],"those":[57],"EEG":[58,83,142],"channels":[59],"have":[61],"highest":[63],"ranking":[64],"weight.":[65],"This":[66,190],"filtering":[67],"sharpens":[68],"data":[70,84],"helps":[72],"in":[73,184],"improving":[74],"performance":[76],"machine":[78],"learning":[79],"classifiers.":[80],"compared":[82],"from":[85,150,254],"people":[86],"with":[87,91,104,148,162,215,221,230,238,242,250,258,263],"MDD":[88,140,149],"controls,":[92],"making":[93],"sure":[94],"comparisons":[96],"were":[97],"fair.":[98],"The":[99,153],"complete":[100],"process":[101],"was":[102,234],"tested":[103],"an":[105],"MLPNN":[106,164],"classifier.":[107],"These":[108,265],"results":[109],"show":[110,267],"classification":[113,176],"accuracy,":[114],"use":[116],"channel":[120,182],"selection":[121,183],"improves":[122],"upon":[123],"relying":[124],"on":[125],"neural":[127],"network":[128],"alone":[129],"points":[131],"toward":[132],"strong":[134],"tool":[135],"improvement":[138],"detection.":[141],"patterns":[143],"clearly":[144],"separate":[145],"subjects":[147],"controls.":[152],"difference":[154],"striking.":[156],"Though":[157],"combination":[159],"holds":[165],"great":[166],"promise":[167],"diagnosis,":[169],"will":[171],"go":[172],"even":[173],"further:":[174],"new":[175,179],"algorithms":[177],"strategies":[180],"hunt":[186],"maximum":[188],"precision.":[189],"work":[191],"brings":[192],"us":[193],"closer":[194],"automated":[196],"assessment":[199],"effectively.":[200],"Speaking":[201],"themselves":[203],"are":[204,271],"metrics:":[206],"baseline":[207],"accuracy":[208,233],"sat":[209],"at":[210],"77.77%,":[211],"rose":[212],"83.33%":[214],"PCA,":[216],"climbed":[218],"86.66%":[220],"MLE.":[222,231,264],"Error":[223],"rates":[224,252],"fell":[225],"commensurately-from":[226],"22.23%":[227],"13.34%":[229],"Prediction":[232],"especially":[235],"dramatic:":[236],"100%":[237],"MLE,":[239],"versus":[240],"98.02%":[241],"PCA.":[243],"Sensitivity":[244],"followed":[245],"same":[247],"upward":[248],"path,":[249],"true-positive":[251],"rising":[253],"70%":[255],"72.22%":[257],"PCA":[259],"74.77%":[262],"figures":[266],"both":[269],"techniques":[270],"soundly":[272],"effective.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2026-02-10T00:00:00"}