{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409349184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","title":"Data-driven approaches for predicting Tommy John Surgery risk in major league baseball pitchers","display_name":"Data-driven approaches for predicting Tommy John Surgery risk in major league baseball pitchers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409349184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bosuk Kang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bosuk Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Semiconductor and Display Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea","Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Semiconductor and Display Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100646731","display_name":"Minsu Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0368-1182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsu Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074617957","display_name":"\u00c1ngel P. del Pobil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6227-3758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel P. del Pobil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotic Intelligence Laboratory, Jaume I University, Castellon, 12071, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Intelligence Laboratory, Jaume I University, Castellon, 12071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047279790","display_name":"Eunil Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-3538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["ES","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunil Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea","Robotic Intelligence Laboratory, Jaume I University, Castellon, 12071, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 03063, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotic Intelligence Laboratory, Jaume I University, Castellon, 12071, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973","https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":12.4267,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98857645,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10280","display_name":"Shoulder Injury and Treatment","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10280","display_name":"Shoulder Injury and Treatment","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.9685999751091003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10630","display_name":"Orthopedic Surgery and Rehabilitation","score":0.9617000222206116,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science-and-engineering","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","score":0.8057605624198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/league","display_name":"League","score":0.7731695175170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6800869107246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32326245307922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.24390053749084473}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68597687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362601","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","level":2,"score":0.8057605624198914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207456731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818","display_name":"League","level":2,"score":0.7731695175170898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6800869107246399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32326245307922363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.24390053749084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b23e331cbd5440b5ab098a2025d81328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b23e331cbd5440b5ab098a2025d81328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-30 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-025-01138-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1739134435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1911004090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00459638","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3379082029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00419073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3430829375","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00436936","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","funder_display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G440996017","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00459638","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6470436729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2024-00436936","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322926","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409349184.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4409349184.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W162047462","https://openalex.org/W1989483701","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2043309246","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2135088987","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2155240098","https://openalex.org/W2168647011","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2415594836","https://openalex.org/W2581042570","https://openalex.org/W2618851150","https://openalex.org/W2661850965","https://openalex.org/W2887578102","https://openalex.org/W2910187721","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2925105899","https://openalex.org/W2963524571","https://openalex.org/W2965841193","https://openalex.org/W2981523964","https://openalex.org/W2983244092","https://openalex.org/W3027969853","https://openalex.org/W3092622251","https://openalex.org/W3102828911","https://openalex.org/W3206718740","https://openalex.org/W4221091255","https://openalex.org/W4281254802","https://openalex.org/W4283656837","https://openalex.org/W4299627282","https://openalex.org/W4299689471","https://openalex.org/W4392158942","https://openalex.org/W4400135851","https://openalex.org/W4400439054","https://openalex.org/W6717758413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4389016272","https://openalex.org/W2285591800","https://openalex.org/W4321354283","https://openalex.org/W1605020331","https://openalex.org/W2381490189","https://openalex.org/W587904446","https://openalex.org/W3147676070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Injury":[0],"management":[1],"is":[2],"critical":[3],"in":[4,22,70,117],"all":[5],"sports,":[6],"directly":[7],"impacting":[8,162],"player":[9],"performance.":[10],"Baseball":[11,49],"players":[12,19],"are":[13,63],"particularly":[14],"susceptible":[15],"to":[16,24,75,114,147,159],"injuries,":[17,37,77],"as":[18,79,166],"often":[20],"compete":[21],"5":[23],"7":[25],"games":[26,67],"per":[27],"week,":[28],"placing":[29],"continuous":[30],"strain":[31],"on":[32],"their":[33],"bodies.":[34],"Among":[35],"various":[36],"Tommy":[38],"John":[39],"Surgery":[40],"(TJS)":[41],"poses":[42],"a":[43,90,120,167,183],"notable":[44],"risk":[45,112],"for":[46,186,198],"Major":[47],"League":[48],"(MLB)":[50],"pitchers.":[51],"Traditional":[52],"TJS":[53,178],"prediction":[54,122],"methods":[55],"required":[56],"sensors":[57],"or":[58],"video-based":[59],"motion":[60],"capture,":[61],"which":[62],"impractical":[64],"during":[65],"actual":[66],"and":[68,99,194],"limited":[69],"making":[71],"predictions":[72],"too":[73],"close":[74],"the":[76,107,128,132,136,161,196],"such":[78,165],"within":[80],"30":[81],"pitches.":[82],"To":[83],"address":[84],"these":[85],"challenges,":[86],"this":[87],"study":[88],"proposes":[89],"deep":[91],"learning":[92],"(DL)":[93],"framework":[94],"that":[95,173],"utilizes":[96],"both":[97],"classification":[98,108],"regression":[100,129],"tasks.":[101],"Using":[102],"MLB":[103],"pitching":[104],"data":[105],"(2016\u20132023),":[106],"model":[109,130],"detects":[110],"injury":[111],"up":[113],"100":[115],"days":[116],"advance":[118],"with":[119,141],"high":[121],"performance":[123],"of":[124,143],"0.73":[125],"F1-score,":[126],"while":[127],"estimates":[131],"time":[133],"remaining":[134],"until":[135],"player\u2019s":[137],"last":[138],"pre-surgery":[139],"game":[140],"R2":[142],"0.79.":[144],"In":[145],"addition,":[146],"enhance":[148],"our":[149],"model\u2019s":[150],"applicability,":[151],"we":[152],"employ":[153],"an":[154],"explainable":[155],"artificial":[156],"intelligence":[157],"technique":[158],"analyze":[160],"mechanical":[163],"features,":[164],"lowered":[168],"four-seam":[169],"fastball":[170],"release":[171],"point,":[172],"accelerate":[174],"UCL":[175],"deterioration,":[176],"increasing":[177],"risk.":[179],"These":[180],"findings":[181],"provide":[182],"practical":[184],"foundation":[185],"early":[187],"intervention":[188],"strategies,":[189],"potentially":[190],"preserving":[191],"pitcher":[192],"health":[193],"reducing":[195],"need":[197],"complex":[199],"surgical":[200],"procedures.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}