{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408747300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","title":"Resampling approaches to handle class imbalance: a review from a data perspective","display_name":"Resampling approaches to handle class imbalance: a review from a data perspective","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408747300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051572830","display_name":"Miguel Martins Carvalho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0671-009X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Carvalho","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEETA, DETI, LASI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEETA, DETI, LASI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075489861","display_name":"Armando J. Pinho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-0016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando J. Pinho","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEETA, DETI, LASI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEETA, DETI, LASI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059149681","display_name":"Susana Br\u00e1s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8650-9219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60858718","display_name":"University of Aveiro","ror":"https://ror.org/00nt41z93","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Br\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEETA, DETI, LASI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEETA, DETI, LASI, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60858718"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":143.6205,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9998224,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.79253089427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.7748012542724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science-and-engineering","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","score":0.6687953472137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling","display_name":"Resampling","score":0.6643667817115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.6605231761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4869488477706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3291798233985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3042374849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27807047963142395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.79253089427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7748012542724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68597687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362601","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","level":2,"score":0.6687953472137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.6643667817115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6605231761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4869488477706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3291798233985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3042374849319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27807047963142395}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:18e1e06fa8af469fa5062121459589f7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/18e1e06fa8af469fa5062121459589f7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-58 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-025-01119-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G954015183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B/UI62/10541/2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408747300.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123443654","https://openalex.org/W752888290","https://openalex.org/W1489442429","https://openalex.org/W1496056137","https://openalex.org/W1543303889","https://openalex.org/W1563938718","https://openalex.org/W1576442155","https://openalex.org/W1974079881","https://openalex.org/W1983085975","https://openalex.org/W1985101653","https://openalex.org/W1993220166","https://openalex.org/W1994410331","https://openalex.org/W1996523702","https://openalex.org/W2004710424","https://openalex.org/W2022477494","https://openalex.org/W2040181375","https://openalex.org/W2040260156","https://openalex.org/W2058732827","https://openalex.org/W2059515884","https://openalex.org/W2087240369","https://openalex.org/W2096945460","https://openalex.org/W2099454382","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2107138773","https://openalex.org/W2119191234","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2123969444","https://openalex.org/W2125877832","https://openalex.org/W2126996952","https://openalex.org/W2132791018","https://openalex.org/W2136256517","https://openalex.org/W2137029138","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2146369703","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2167464971","https://openalex.org/W2168508521","https://openalex.org/W2320075934","https://openalex.org/W2490420619","https://openalex.org/W2584414757","https://openalex.org/W2611252858","https://openalex.org/W2612634114","https://openalex.org/W2766296277","https://openalex.org/W2783033425","https://openalex.org/W2783151797","https://openalex.org/W2783174960","https://openalex.org/W2799949160","https://openalex.org/W2800788706","https://openalex.org/W2895814777","https://openalex.org/W2897650261","https://openalex.org/W2900321945","https://openalex.org/W2905236149","https://openalex.org/W2910364449","https://openalex.org/W2912326369","https://openalex.org/W2914361121","https://openalex.org/W2916025621","https://openalex.org/W2919821184","https://openalex.org/W2920376357","https://openalex.org/W2943284727","https://openalex.org/W2948219206","https://openalex.org/W2952066300","https://openalex.org/W2959486491","https://openalex.org/W2966679659","https://openalex.org/W2971749073","https://openalex.org/W2978886379","https://openalex.org/W2979979633","https://openalex.org/W2980424548","https://openalex.org/W2985783697","https://openalex.org/W2992616003","https://openalex.org/W2999143555","https://openalex.org/W2999438024","https://openalex.org/W3001069493","https://openalex.org/W3005484410","https://openalex.org/W3008058450","https://openalex.org/W3013276295","https://openalex.org/W3014150937","https://openalex.org/W3015967287","https://openalex.org/W3024905798","https://openalex.org/W3033266910","https://openalex.org/W3034048125","https://openalex.org/W3034988532","https://openalex.org/W3038155884","https://openalex.org/W3044286661","https://openalex.org/W3044965819","https://openalex.org/W3084392724","https://openalex.org/W3088242795","https://openalex.org/W3089420282","https://openalex.org/W3090132388","https://openalex.org/W3092541244","https://openalex.org/W3094239814","https://openalex.org/W3100774601","https://openalex.org/W3109878163","https://openalex.org/W3112652185","https://openalex.org/W3118096520","https://openalex.org/W3123353479","https://openalex.org/W3124850036","https://openalex.org/W3127988644","https://openalex.org/W3138595103","https://openalex.org/W3154252594","https://openalex.org/W3157699413","https://openalex.org/W3163086467","https://openalex.org/W3166282707","https://openalex.org/W3180357520","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3199294801","https://openalex.org/W3199816041","https://openalex.org/W3208002538","https://openalex.org/W4200472276","https://openalex.org/W4200494353","https://openalex.org/W4210890186","https://openalex.org/W4211253314","https://openalex.org/W4212831606","https://openalex.org/W4220717373","https://openalex.org/W4223929858","https://openalex.org/W4292974997","https://openalex.org/W4293718652","https://openalex.org/W4296904439","https://openalex.org/W4308627565","https://openalex.org/W4321240473","https://openalex.org/W4324290412","https://openalex.org/W4360995349","https://openalex.org/W4378417908","https://openalex.org/W4390741770","https://openalex.org/W4393301322","https://openalex.org/W4393952022","https://openalex.org/W4396773505","https://openalex.org/W6609936487","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6676769703"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2052515325","https://openalex.org/W2050948537","https://openalex.org/W2767646790","https://openalex.org/W2352041579","https://openalex.org/W1488006380","https://openalex.org/W1998176685","https://openalex.org/W2138381686","https://openalex.org/W2141585124","https://openalex.org/W3008199583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,127],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,19,145,227],"data-driven":[4],"review":[5,99,116],"of":[6,37,69,100,133,140,161,177,233],"resampling":[7,122,142,214,237],"approaches":[8,107,123,190],"aimed":[9],"at":[10],"mitigating":[11],"the":[12,38,60,63,67,73,118,131,137,184,231,240],"class":[13,39,52,77,202,206],"imbalance":[14,40,78],"problem":[15],"in":[16,93,121,150],"machine":[17],"learning,":[18],"widespread":[20],"issue":[21],"that":[22],"limits":[23],"classifier":[24],"performance":[25,219],"across":[26,220],"numerous":[27],"sectors.":[28],"Initially,":[29],"this":[30,84,115,210,245],"research":[31,242],"provides":[32],"an":[33,97],"extensive":[34],"theoretical":[35],"examination":[36],"problem,":[41],"emphasizing":[42],"its":[43],"propensity":[44],"to":[45,89,181,204],"amplify":[46],"existing":[47],"data":[48,81],"difficulty":[49,82],"factors,":[50,83],"including":[51],"overlap,":[53],"small":[54],"disjuncts,":[55],"and":[56,71,79,104,136,153],"noise,":[57],"thus":[58],"biasing":[59],"model":[61,170],"towards":[62,124],"majority":[64,194],"class.":[65,186],"Acknowledging":[66],"significance":[68],"detecting":[70],"quantifying":[72],"synergistic":[74],"effects":[75],"between":[76],"these":[80],"study":[85],"surveys":[86],"metrics":[87],"formulated":[88],"quantify":[90],"such":[91],"phenomena":[92],"imbalanced":[94],"domains.":[95],"Subsequently,":[96],"exhaustive":[98],"recent":[101],"oversampling,":[102],"undersampling,":[103],"hybrid":[105],"sampling":[106],"is":[108,117,128,148],"conducted.":[109],"A":[110],"major":[111],"finding":[112],"arising":[113],"from":[114,196],"discernible":[119],"shift":[120],"enhanced":[125],"adaptability.":[126],"achieved":[129],"through":[130],"identification":[132],"problematic":[134],"regions":[135,160,198],"subsequent":[138],"implementation":[139],"customized":[141],"protocols.":[143],"Concurrently,":[144],"methodological":[146],"divergence":[147],"observed":[149],"both":[151],"oversampling":[152,157],"undersampling":[154,189],"strategies:":[155],"certain":[156],"methods":[158],"target":[159],"higher":[162],"classification":[163,179],"complexity,":[164],"which":[165],"are":[166,247],"crucial":[167],"for":[168,236],"effective":[169],"training,":[171],"while":[172],"others":[173],"focus":[174,200],"on":[175,201],"areas":[176],"lower":[178],"complexity":[180],"safely":[182],"oversample":[183],"minority":[185],"In":[187],"contrast,":[188],"either":[191],"predominantly":[192],"remove":[193],"samples":[195],"redundant":[197],"or":[199],"boundaries":[203],"reduce":[205],"overlap.":[207],"However,":[208],"despite":[209],"increased":[211],"adaptability,":[212],"no":[213],"method":[215],"consistently":[216],"demonstrated":[217],"superior":[218],"all":[221],"documented":[222],"experiments.":[223],"Consequently,":[224],"we":[225],"explore":[226],"promising":[228],"strategy,":[229],"namely":[230],"adoption":[232],"recommendation":[234],"systems":[235],"approaches.":[238],"Lastly,":[239],"primary":[241],"challenges":[243],"within":[244],"topic":[246],"discussed.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":38}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
