{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401495975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","title":"Enhancing K-nearest neighbor algorithm: a comprehensive review and performance analysis of modifications","display_name":"Enhancing K-nearest neighbor algorithm: a comprehensive review and performance analysis of modifications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401495975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036120505","display_name":"Rajib Kumar Halder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-2258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125938","display_name":"Jagannath University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4z7527","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125938"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajib Kumar Halder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-2258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050676602","display_name":"Mohammed Nasir Uddin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125938","display_name":"Jagannath University","ror":"https://ror.org/02c4z7527","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125938"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Nasir Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0365-294X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125938"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065107822","display_name":"Md. Ashraf Uddin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4316-4975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Ashraf Uddin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4316-4975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038741954","display_name":"Sunil Aryal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-6824"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Aryal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6639-6824","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049550103","display_name":"Ansam Khraisat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-0987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ansam Khraisat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-0987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin Cyber Research and Innovation Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065107822"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":90.3379,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":403,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99979271,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7713744640350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/k-nearest-neighbors-algorithm","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","score":0.6617380380630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science-and-engineering","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","score":0.5820528268814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41262537240982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3811793029308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.2880546450614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24643293023109436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7713744640350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113238511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071612","display_name":"k-nearest neighbors algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6617380380630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68597687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362601","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","level":2,"score":0.5820528268814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41262537240982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3811793029308319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.2880546450614929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24643293023109436}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26785429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Enhancing_K-nearest_neighbor_algorithm_a_comprehensive_review_and_performance_analysis_of_modifications/26785429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:47afd56c6b464b078637a5b751e3bc57","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/47afd56c6b464b078637a5b751e3bc57","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-55 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-024-00973-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320970","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401495975.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31923072","https://openalex.org/W69361735","https://openalex.org/W158801417","https://openalex.org/W160836526","https://openalex.org/W174476237","https://openalex.org/W176794816","https://openalex.org/W1518728445","https://openalex.org/W1536741282","https://openalex.org/W1543003006","https://openalex.org/W1556653975","https://openalex.org/W1566022212","https://openalex.org/W1588029399","https://openalex.org/W1590918896","https://openalex.org/W1672197616","https://openalex.org/W1768747996","https://openalex.org/W1968723134","https://openalex.org/W1981914622","https://openalex.org/W1982772336","https://openalex.org/W1987403831","https://openalex.org/W1988888548","https://openalex.org/W1992932776","https://openalex.org/W1993963946","https://openalex.org/W1994655805","https://openalex.org/W2016854254","https://openalex.org/W2019334886","https://openalex.org/W2024199467","https://openalex.org/W2026300226","https://openalex.org/W2028960610","https://openalex.org/W2049003051","https://openalex.org/W2053171205","https://openalex.org/W2058458206","https://openalex.org/W2059507684","https://openalex.org/W2064476819","https://openalex.org/W2067818700","https://openalex.org/W2074749431","https://openalex.org/W2079737479","https://openalex.org/W2088171019","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2090398718","https://openalex.org/W2092022777","https://openalex.org/W2098631313","https://openalex.org/W2105501393","https://openalex.org/W2106318383","https://openalex.org/W2107849588","https://openalex.org/W2111284499","https://openalex.org/W2112459952","https://openalex.org/W2117672932","https://openalex.org/W2120685459","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2124509324","https://openalex.org/W2124592110","https://openalex.org/W2125687350","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2129018892","https://openalex.org/W2129281431","https://openalex.org/W2136132422","https://openalex.org/W2137389980","https://openalex.org/W2141389982","https://openalex.org/W2144182447","https://openalex.org/W2145065594","https://openalex.org/W2148781362","https://openalex.org/W2150880403","https://openalex.org/W2151135734","https://openalex.org/W2153602280","https://openalex.org/W2154879298","https://openalex.org/W2159548580","https://openalex.org/W2160230795","https://openalex.org/W2161160262","https://openalex.org/W2162583212","https://openalex.org/W2164353462","https://openalex.org/W2165489143","https://openalex.org/W2166377520","https://openalex.org/W2166632516","https://openalex.org/W2170153646","https://openalex.org/W2170605888","https://openalex.org/W2171744805","https://openalex.org/W2172374880","https://openalex.org/W2173213060","https://openalex.org/W2185543209","https://openalex.org/W2234219295","https://openalex.org/W2335272770","https://openalex.org/W2345395130","https://openalex.org/W2394952598","https://openalex.org/W2438218466","https://openalex.org/W2491991542","https://openalex.org/W2522684508","https://openalex.org/W2537526669","https://openalex.org/W2539468248","https://openalex.org/W2543691621","https://openalex.org/W2546169252","https://openalex.org/W2560218054","https://openalex.org/W2579021713","https://openalex.org/W2606436201","https://openalex.org/W2607281691","https://openalex.org/W2614681923","https://openalex.org/W2616471638","https://openalex.org/W2621210799","https://openalex.org/W2765659686","https://openalex.org/W2805717175","https://openalex.org/W2809214597","https://openalex.org/W2902119340","https://openalex.org/W2917148378","https://openalex.org/W2920106254","https://openalex.org/W2955589743","https://openalex.org/W2963265099","https://openalex.org/W2980255746","https://openalex.org/W2984566643","https://openalex.org/W2999763220","https://openalex.org/W3003908700","https://openalex.org/W3004568717","https://openalex.org/W3029259179","https://openalex.org/W3036069605","https://openalex.org/W3105578466","https://openalex.org/W3151633797","https://openalex.org/W3156338075","https://openalex.org/W3156903052","https://openalex.org/W3200173890","https://openalex.org/W3203965123","https://openalex.org/W3213008141","https://openalex.org/W4213061225","https://openalex.org/W4235968156","https://openalex.org/W4242599275","https://openalex.org/W4251805162","https://openalex.org/W4285229830","https://openalex.org/W4293111345","https://openalex.org/W4309224981","https://openalex.org/W4381614701","https://openalex.org/W4386022636","https://openalex.org/W6690407710"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0,177],"The":[1],"k-Nearest":[2],"Neighbors":[3],"(kNN)":[4],"method,":[5],"established":[6],"in":[7,16,122,129,155,172],"1951,":[8],"has":[9],"since":[10],"evolved":[11],"into":[12,61,78],"a":[13,32,72,126,162,173],"pivotal":[14],"tool":[15],"data":[17],"mining,":[18],"recommendation":[19],"systems,":[20],"and":[21,35,52,66,75,84,110,125,148,168],"Internet":[22],"of":[23,38,89,95,101,108,120,158],"Things":[24],"(IoT),":[25],"among":[26],"other":[27],"areas.":[28],"This":[29],"paper":[30],"presents":[31],"comprehensive":[33,130],"review":[34],"performance":[36],"analysis":[37,112],"modifications":[39],"made":[40],"to":[41,139],"enhance":[42],"the":[43,93,96,102,117,156],"exact":[44,133],"kNN":[45,50,53,63,68,103,121,134,159],"techniques,":[46,135,160],"particularly":[47],"focusing":[48],"on":[49,132],"Search":[51],"Join":[54],"for":[55,99,113,152],"high-dimensional":[56,123],"data.":[57],"We":[58],"delve":[59],"deep":[60],"31":[62],"search":[64],"methods":[65,104],"12":[67],"join":[69],"methods,":[70],"providing":[71],"methodological":[73],"overview":[74],"analytical":[76],"insight":[77],"each,":[79],"emphasizing":[80],"their":[81],"strengths,":[82],"limitations,":[83],"applicability.":[85],"An":[86],"important":[87],"feature":[88],"our":[90,136],"study":[91],"is":[92],"provision":[94],"source":[97],"code":[98],"each":[100],"discussed,":[105],"fostering":[106],"ease":[107],"experimentation":[109],"comparative":[111],"readers.":[114],"Motivated":[115],"by":[116],"rising":[118],"significance":[119],"spaces":[124],"recognized":[127],"gap":[128],"surveys":[131],"work":[137],"seeks":[138],"bridge":[140],"this":[141],"gap.":[142],"Additionally,":[143],"we":[144],"outline":[145],"existing":[146,170],"challenges":[147],"present":[149],"potential":[150],"directions":[151],"future":[153],"research":[154],"domain":[157],"offering":[161],"holistic":[163],"guide":[164],"that":[165],"amalgamates,":[166],"compares,":[167],"dissects":[169],"methodologies":[171],"coherent":[174],"manner.":[175],"Graphical":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":123},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":266},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}