{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4309650922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","title":"Spoofing keystroke dynamics authentication through synthetic typing pattern extracted from screen-recorded video","display_name":"Spoofing keystroke dynamics authentication through synthetic typing pattern extracted from screen-recorded video","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4309650922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064747970","display_name":"Chrisando Ryan Pardomuan Siahaan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166073570","display_name":"Binus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmf4s77","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166073570"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chrisando Ryan Pardomuan Siahaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, 11480, Jakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, 11480, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166073570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016075689","display_name":"Andry Chowanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2150-414X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166073570","display_name":"Binus University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmf4s77","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166073570"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andry Chowanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, 11480, Jakarta, Indonesia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, School of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, 11480, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166073570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016075689","https://openalex.org/A5064747970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166073570"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":2.5496,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91591486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-dynamics","display_name":"Keystroke dynamics","score":0.9766010046005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8702067136764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.819756269454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.572303831577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5688967704772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5374745726585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.45350152254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing","display_name":"Typing","score":0.4246603548526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.41546547412872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3790746331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35938698053359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.16694435477256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s/key","display_name":"S/KEY","score":0.07036620378494263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79540074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269465","display_name":"Keystroke dynamics","level":4,"score":0.9766010046005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8702067136764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.819756269454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.572303831577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5688967704772949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5374745726585388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.45350152254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.4246603548526764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.41546547412872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3790746331214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35938698053359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.16694435477256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.07036620378494263}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b214c503157423fb7994a6bd646038e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b214c503157423fb7994a6bd646038e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-29 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40537-022-00662-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309650922.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4309650922.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87400274","https://openalex.org/W1994849315","https://openalex.org/W2002062085","https://openalex.org/W2014701281","https://openalex.org/W2022990495","https://openalex.org/W2040686253","https://openalex.org/W2045011071","https://openalex.org/W2066453892","https://openalex.org/W2107589078","https://openalex.org/W2149731351","https://openalex.org/W2158877422","https://openalex.org/W2159577413","https://openalex.org/W2167699387","https://openalex.org/W2170979474","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250366030","https://openalex.org/W2538387133","https://openalex.org/W2794478211","https://openalex.org/W2887483103","https://openalex.org/W2897502405","https://openalex.org/W2944869487","https://openalex.org/W2945920325","https://openalex.org/W2963215340","https://openalex.org/W2992310638","https://openalex.org/W3013184273","https://openalex.org/W3046939587","https://openalex.org/W4211208539","https://openalex.org/W4221122604","https://openalex.org/W4236953379","https://openalex.org/W4236955740","https://openalex.org/W4301229630"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155670618","https://openalex.org/W2052279280","https://openalex.org/W2159333170","https://openalex.org/W2031617473","https://openalex.org/W4244802227","https://openalex.org/W1573560902","https://openalex.org/W4224061638","https://openalex.org/W2277743221","https://openalex.org/W2065920179","https://openalex.org/W3129147562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1,110],"the":[2,17,51,62,67,111,121,165,172,177,188,215,220,235,269,278,284,314],"inter-connectivity":[3],"in":[4,26,257,319],"cyberspace":[5],"continues":[6,116],"to":[7,23,79,84,87,104,117,138,167,180,185,195,228,276,304],"increase":[8],"exponentially,":[9],"privacy":[10],"and":[11,140,182,231,268],"security":[12],"have":[13],"become":[14],"two":[15],"of":[16,29,43,50,66,113,292,299],"most":[18,52],"concerning":[19],"issues":[20],"that":[21,123,134,151,245,295],"need":[22],"be":[24,37,193,273,311],"tackled":[25],"today\u2019s":[27],"state":[28],"technology.":[30],"Therefore,":[31],"password-based":[32],"authentication":[33,47,200,281],"should":[34],"no":[35,290],"longer":[36],"used":[38,194,264,275,312],"without":[39],"an":[40,161,203,226,265],"additional":[41],"layer":[42],"authentication,":[44],"namely":[45],"two-factor":[46],"(2FA).":[48],"One":[49],"promising":[53],"2FA":[54],"approaches":[55],"is":[56,289],"Keystroke":[57,72,114,198,279],"Dynamics,":[58],"which":[59,224],"relies":[60],"on":[61,99],"unique":[63],"typing":[64,91,144,154,190],"behaviour":[65,92],"users.":[68],"Since":[69],"its":[70],"discovery,":[71],"Dynamics":[73,115,199,280],"adoption":[74,112],"has":[75],"been":[76],"continuously":[77],"growing":[78],"many":[80],"use":[81],"cases:":[82],"generally":[83],"obtain":[85],"access":[86],"a":[88,95,130,142,148,158,169,197,210,247,253],"platform":[89],"through":[90],"similarity,":[93],"into":[94,171],"continuous":[96],"keystroke":[97,258,306],"monitoring":[98],"e-learning":[100],"or":[101,108],"e-exams":[102],"platforms":[103],"detect":[105],"illegitimate":[106],"participants":[107],"cheaters.":[109],"grow,":[118],"so":[119],"does":[120],"threats":[122],"are":[124,222],"lurking":[125],"in.":[126],"This":[127,241,308],"paper":[128,242],"proposes":[129],"novel":[131],"exploitation":[132],"method":[133],"utilizes":[135],"computer":[136],"vision":[137],"extract":[139],"learn":[141],"user\u2019s":[143],"pattern":[145,191],"just":[146],"from":[147,246],"screen-recorded":[149,159,248],"video":[150,303],"captures":[152],"their":[153],"process.":[155],"By":[156],"using":[157,302],"video,":[160,249],"attacker":[162,227],"could":[163],"eliminate":[164],"needs":[166],"inject":[168],"keylogger":[170],"victim\u2019s":[173],"computer,":[174],"thus":[175],"rendering":[176],"attack":[178,300],"easier":[179],"perform":[181],"more":[183],"difficult":[184],"detect.":[186],"Furthermore,":[187],"extracted":[189,270],"can":[192,251,272,310],"spoof":[196,277,305],"mechanism":[201],"with":[202],"evasion":[204],"rate":[205,213],"as":[206,208,234,261,313],"high":[207],"64%,":[209],"considerably":[211],"alarming":[212],"given":[214],"impact":[216],"it":[217],"yields":[218],"if":[219,262],"attacks":[221],"successful,":[223],"allows":[225],"pretend,":[229],"mimic,":[230],"falsely":[232],"authenticate":[233],"victim":[236],"(i.e.,":[237],"total":[238],"account":[239],"takeover).":[240],"also":[243],"shows":[244],"one":[250],"produce":[252],"staggering":[254],"statistical":[255],"similarity":[256],"timing":[259],"patterns":[260,271],"they":[263],"actual":[266],"keylogger,":[267],"potentially":[274],"service.":[282],"To":[283],"author\u2019s":[285],"best":[286],"knowledge,":[287],"there":[288],"precedence":[291],"previous":[293],"research":[294,309,318],"suggests":[296],"this":[297,320],"kind":[298],"(i.e.":[301],"dynamics).":[307],"baseline":[315],"for":[316],"future":[317],"area.":[321]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}