{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4224223872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0","title":"HyGraph: a subgraph isomorphism algorithm for efficiently querying big graph databases","display_name":"HyGraph: a subgraph isomorphism algorithm for efficiently querying big graph databases","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4224223872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084950910","display_name":"Merve Asiler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1050-4814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merve Asiler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlup\u0131nar Bulvar\u0131, 06800, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlup\u0131nar Bulvar\u0131, 06800, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020101419","display_name":"Adnan Yaz\u0131c\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9404-9494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Yaz\u0131c\u0131","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlup\u0131nar Bulvar\u0131, 06800, Ankara, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Dumlup\u0131nar Bulvar\u0131, 06800, Ankara, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023104987","display_name":"Roy George","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0257-9725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52064589","display_name":"Clark Atlanta University","ror":"https://ror.org/0397tsa92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52064589"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roy George","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber-Physical Systems, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James Brawley Drive, Atlanta, 30314, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0257-9725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber-Physical Systems, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James Brawley Drive, Atlanta, 30314, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52064589"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023104987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52064589"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2290},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2290},"fwci":0.2454,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45235238,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgraph-isomorphism-problem","display_name":"Subgraph isomorphism problem","score":0.9516360759735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-subgraph-isomorphism-problem","display_name":"Induced subgraph isomorphism problem","score":0.8296108245849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7183874249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-database","display_name":"Graph database","score":0.6415843963623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.6220544576644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-hereditary-graph","display_name":"Distance-hereditary graph","score":0.5372818112373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4757537543773651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4454197585582733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-isomorphism","display_name":"Graph isomorphism","score":0.4362047612667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.417843222618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3418232202529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2694801092147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-graph","display_name":"Line graph","score":0.08168220520019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-graph","display_name":"Voltage graph","score":0.07246258854866028}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131992880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528185","display_name":"Subgraph isomorphism problem","level":3,"score":0.9516360759735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191241153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027240","display_name":"Induced subgraph isomorphism problem","level":5,"score":0.8296108245849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7183874249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176225458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595971","display_name":"Graph database","level":3,"score":0.6415843963623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.6220544576644897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147792647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282847","display_name":"Distance-hereditary graph","level":5,"score":0.5372818112373352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4757537543773651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4454197585582733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61665672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303100","display_name":"Graph isomorphism","level":4,"score":0.4362047612667084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.417843222618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3418232202529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2694801092147827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.08168220520019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22149727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940747","display_name":"Voltage graph","level":4,"score":0.07246258854866028}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/11429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/11429","pdf_url":"https://nur.nu.edu.kz/bitstreams/37551cb6-5e53-40f7-a75d-022d97e962a4/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196417","display_name":"Nazarbayev University Repository (Nazarbayev University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60559429","host_organization_name":"Nazarbayev University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60559429"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3adc5fdeb3794adeb3f6d2c966fe293d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3adc5fdeb3794adeb3f6d2c966fe293d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2022)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://open.metu.edu.tr:11511/97266","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11511/97266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402495","display_name":"OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","host_organization_name":"Middle East Technical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-022-00589-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6709331943","display_name":"Excellence in Research: A Network-centric Framework for Cyber Threat Intelligence","funder_award_id":"1901150","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308204","display_name":"Northrop Grumman","ror":"https://ror.org/05kewds18"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1201732717","https://openalex.org/W1987090734","https://openalex.org/W2012066443","https://openalex.org/W2020391739","https://openalex.org/W2027943354","https://openalex.org/W2071333487","https://openalex.org/W2100586946","https://openalex.org/W2110034858","https://openalex.org/W2126359798","https://openalex.org/W2140840007","https://openalex.org/W2143163611","https://openalex.org/W2143363350","https://openalex.org/W2145631416","https://openalex.org/W2147405597","https://openalex.org/W2163184742","https://openalex.org/W2163578242","https://openalex.org/W2169310183","https://openalex.org/W2241555812","https://openalex.org/W2528807031","https://openalex.org/W2613146847","https://openalex.org/W4300885461","https://openalex.org/W6676966293","https://openalex.org/W6680870402"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393701947","https://openalex.org/W167435155","https://openalex.org/W2954463587","https://openalex.org/W2353748800","https://openalex.org/W4376851522","https://openalex.org/W4224223872","https://openalex.org/W2691956313","https://openalex.org/W2159475615","https://openalex.org/W2946681422","https://openalex.org/W1975108813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"big":[2,121,141,165],"graph":[3,24,122,142],"database":[4,27],"provides":[5],"strong":[6],"modeling":[7],"capabilities":[8],"and":[9,62,94,112,117,134],"efficient":[10,90],"querying":[11,93],"for":[12,98,159,172],"complex":[13,60],"applications.":[14],"Subgraph":[15],"isomorphism":[16,35,83,174],"which":[17],"finds":[18],"exact":[19],"matches":[20],"of":[21],"a":[22,30,80,125,130,136],"query":[23,161],"in":[25,92,176],"the":[26,41,67,85,103,148,160],"efficiently,":[28],"is":[29,89,145],"challenging":[31],"problem.":[32],"Current":[33],"subgraph":[34,82,173],"approaches":[36],"mostly":[37],"are":[38,55],"based":[39],"on":[40,163],"pruning":[42],"strategy":[43],"proposed":[44],"by":[45],"Ullmann.":[46],"These":[47],"techniques":[48],"have":[49],"two":[50,107],"significant":[51],"drawbacks-":[52],"first,":[53],"they":[54],"unable":[56],"to":[57],"efficiently":[58],"handle":[59],"queries,":[61],"second,":[63],"their":[64],"implementations":[65],"need":[66],"large":[68,72],"indexes":[69],"that":[70,88,147],"require":[71],"memory":[73,96],"resources.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"describe":[79],"new":[81],"approach,":[84],"HyGraph":[86,104,149],"algorithm,":[87],"both":[91],"with":[95,106],"requirements":[97],"index":[99],"creation.":[100],"We":[101],"compare":[102],"algorithm":[105],"popular":[108],"existing":[109],"approaches,":[110],"GraphQL":[111],"Cypher":[113],"using":[114,119],"complexity":[115],"measures":[116],"experimentally":[118],"three":[120],"data":[123],"sets\u2014(1)":[124],"country-level":[126],"population":[127],"database,":[128,133],"(2)":[129],"simulated":[131],"bank":[132],"(3)":[135],"publicly":[137],"available":[138],"World":[139],"Cup":[140],"database.":[143],"It":[144],"shown":[146],"solution":[150],"performs":[151],"significantly":[152],"better":[153],"(or":[154],"equally)":[155],"than":[156],"competing":[157],"algorithms":[158],"operations":[162],"these":[164],"databases,":[166],"making":[167],"it":[168],"an":[169],"excellent":[170],"candidate":[171],"queries":[175],"real":[177],"scenarios.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}