{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3087106667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","title":"Predictability analysis of the Pound\u2019s Brexit exchange rates based on Google Trends data","display_name":"Predictability analysis of the Pound\u2019s Brexit exchange rates based on Google Trends data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3087106667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","mag":"3087106667","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32963933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056427551","display_name":"Amaryllis Mavragani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-0873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amaryllis Mavragani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK","Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-0873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049916286","display_name":"\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03af\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-080X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174878644","display_name":"University of Patras","ror":"https://ror.org/017wvtq80","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Gkillas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, University of Patras, University Campus-Rio, P.O. Box 1391, Patras, 26500 Greece","Department of Business Administration, University of Patras, University Campus\u2013Rio, P.O. Box 1391, Patras, 26500, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, University of Patras, University Campus-Rio, P.O. Box 1391, Patras, 26500 Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, University of Patras, University Campus\u2013Rio, P.O. Box 1391, Patras, 26500, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174878644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080977235","display_name":"Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-6118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business and Environmental Technology Economics Lab, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","Business and Environmental Technology Economics Lab, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100, Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business and Environmental Technology Economics Lab, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100 Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business and Environmental Technology Economics Lab, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67100, Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056427551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":0.7271,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72888803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":"79","last_page":"79"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9760000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pound","display_name":"Pound (networking)","score":0.8898253440856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.8177323341369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pound-sterling","display_name":"Pound Sterling","score":0.6216388940811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referendum","display_name":"Referendum","score":0.5543816089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5146163702011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantile","display_name":"Quantile","score":0.46940934658050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liberian-dollar","display_name":"Liberian dollar","score":0.46163392066955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exchange-rate","display_name":"Exchange rate","score":0.44919654726982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.42298591136932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3673613667488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.2761904001235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2144792377948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomics","display_name":"Macroeconomics","score":0.1784341037273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.14869260787963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14090809226036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.13223493099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12900736927986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.12617382407188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-economics","display_name":"Monetary economics","score":0.10068389773368835}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781350852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288469","display_name":"Pound (networking)","level":2,"score":0.8898253440856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.8177323341369629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910293122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25224","display_name":"Pound Sterling","level":2,"score":0.6216388940811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781462389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43109","display_name":"Referendum","level":3,"score":0.5543816089630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5146163702011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118671147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578714","display_name":"Quantile","level":2,"score":0.46940934658050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109168655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242988","display_name":"Liberian dollar","level":2,"score":0.46163392066955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776988154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66100","display_name":"Exchange rate","level":2,"score":0.44919654726982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.42298591136932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3673613667488098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.2761904001235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2144792377948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1784341037273407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.14869260787963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14090809226036072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13223493099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12900736927986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12617382407188416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.10068389773368835}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32963933","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32963933","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of big data","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cc41fa4004894847b0ae33334eab819a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cc41fa4004894847b0ae33334eab819a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/31733","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/31733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7499416","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7499416","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Big Data","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-020-00337-2","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3087106667.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3087106667.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512332931","https://openalex.org/W1572866555","https://openalex.org/W1594168687","https://openalex.org/W1967234986","https://openalex.org/W1975994995","https://openalex.org/W1979260767","https://openalex.org/W2014484801","https://openalex.org/W2015717769","https://openalex.org/W2019154403","https://openalex.org/W2036190060","https://openalex.org/W2047067639","https://openalex.org/W2047482710","https://openalex.org/W2053185287","https://openalex.org/W2058892455","https://openalex.org/W2076257979","https://openalex.org/W2083455980","https://openalex.org/W2095364399","https://openalex.org/W2097580026","https://openalex.org/W2108182455","https://openalex.org/W2109574129","https://openalex.org/W2111359480","https://openalex.org/W2116372194","https://openalex.org/W2127716901","https://openalex.org/W2129504444","https://openalex.org/W2131375261","https://openalex.org/W2132446932","https://openalex.org/W2141062594","https://openalex.org/W2168878119","https://openalex.org/W2182617692","https://openalex.org/W2301984943","https://openalex.org/W2308042658","https://openalex.org/W2316782380","https://openalex.org/W2317782408","https://openalex.org/W2323881768","https://openalex.org/W2325904848","https://openalex.org/W2327795576","https://openalex.org/W2343821855","https://openalex.org/W2344681954","https://openalex.org/W2395291901","https://openalex.org/W2396076269","https://openalex.org/W2399768446","https://openalex.org/W2400054587","https://openalex.org/W2403223197","https://openalex.org/W2553691363","https://openalex.org/W2590785659","https://openalex.org/W2610821512","https://openalex.org/W2801420790","https://openalex.org/W2805313511","https://openalex.org/W2885964889","https://openalex.org/W2908891718","https://openalex.org/W2945746529","https://openalex.org/W2946441891","https://openalex.org/W2947051005","https://openalex.org/W3022023470","https://openalex.org/W3121753012","https://openalex.org/W3121763692","https://openalex.org/W3122535405","https://openalex.org/W3122714990","https://openalex.org/W3123568535","https://openalex.org/W3126003596"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240812777","https://openalex.org/W2315438098","https://openalex.org/W2496605700","https://openalex.org/W2099662074","https://openalex.org/W2004253461","https://openalex.org/W4249806395","https://openalex.org/W4290887547","https://openalex.org/W4236890291","https://openalex.org/W3140707170","https://openalex.org/W611466283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,4,32,49,53,63,79,91,98,106,111,141,167,174,179,190],"last":[2,64],"decade,":[3],"use":[5],"of":[6,51,176,178],"online":[7,34],"search":[8,35],"traffic":[9],"data":[10,61,117,139,165],"is":[11,127,186],"becoming":[12],"popular":[13,26],"in":[14,28,37,182,192,199],"examining,":[15],"analyzing,":[16],"and":[17,30,46,74,85,121,166],"predicting":[18],"human":[19],"behavior,":[20],"with":[21,105,114],"Google":[22,59,115,137,163],"Trends":[23,60,138],"being":[24],"a":[25],"tool":[27],"monitoring":[29],"analyzing":[31,110],"users'":[33],"patterns":[36],"several":[38],"research":[39],"areas,":[40],"like":[41],"health,":[42],"medicine,":[43],"politics,":[44],"economics,":[45],"finance.":[47],"Towards":[48],"direction":[50,175],"exploring":[52],"Sterling":[54],"Pound's":[55,80,112,142,168],"predictability,":[56],"we":[57],"employ":[58],"from":[62,136,147],"5":[65],"years":[66],"(March":[67],"1st,":[68],"2015":[69],"to":[70,83,131,140,149,173,187],"February":[71],"29th,":[72],"2020)":[73],"perform":[75],"predictability":[76,135],"analysis":[77,107],"on":[78,118],"exchange":[81,143,169],"rates":[82,144],"Euro":[84],"Dollar.":[86],"The":[87,153],"period":[88],"selected":[89],"includes":[90],"2016":[92],"UK":[93],"referendum":[94],"as":[95,97],"well":[96],"actual":[99],"Brexit":[100],"day":[101],"(January":[102],"31st,":[103],"2020),":[104],"aiming":[108],"at":[109],"relationships":[113],"query":[116,164],"Pound-related":[119],"keywords":[120],"topics.":[122],"A":[123],"quantile":[124,159],"dependence":[125],"method":[126],"employed,":[128],"i.e.,":[129],"cross-quantilograms,":[130],"test":[132],"for":[133,145],"directional":[134],"lags":[146],"zero":[148],"30":[150],"(in":[151],"weeks).":[152],"results":[154],"indicate":[155],"that":[156,185],"statistically":[157],"significant":[158],"dependencies":[160],"exist":[161],"between":[162],"rates,":[170],"which":[171],"point":[172],"one":[177,193],"main":[180],"implications":[181],"this":[183],"field,":[184],"examine":[188],"whether":[189],"movements":[191],"economic":[194,201],"variable":[195],"can":[196],"cause":[197],"reactions":[198],"other":[200],"variables.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}