{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2936743816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","title":"An intelligent Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis method using unsupervised feature learning","display_name":"An intelligent Alzheimer\u2019s disease diagnosis method using unsupervised feature learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-04-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2936743816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","mag":"2936743816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017884102","display_name":"Firouzeh Razavi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Firouzeh Razavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058663345","display_name":"Mohammad Jafar Tarokh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5904-7722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80543232","display_name":"K.N.Toosi University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0433abe34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Jafar Tarokh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111936717","display_name":"Mahmood Alborzi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155419210","display_name":"Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch","ror":"https://ror.org/03187yj51","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmood Alborzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology Management, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155419210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058663345"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80543232"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":4.4909,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":62,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95029943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8124773502349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.760500431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.7275815010070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5980464816093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.5365232825279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5309407711029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5235576033592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroimaging","display_name":"Neuroimaging","score":0.5143064260482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4921717047691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4893011748790741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4671667814254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raw-data","display_name":"Raw data","score":0.46418800950050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4075030982494354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8124773502349854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.760500431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.7275815010070801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5980464816093445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5365232825279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5309407711029053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5235576033592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58693492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q551875","display_name":"Neuroimaging","level":2,"score":0.5143064260482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4921717047691345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4893011748790741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4671667814254761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.46418800950050354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4075030982494354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3cf0bcadff4542cea8ea60cb8a8d196a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3cf0bcadff4542cea8ea60cb8a8d196a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-019-0190-7","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936743816.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2936743816.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W66427752","https://openalex.org/W281036081","https://openalex.org/W330298975","https://openalex.org/W1507417347","https://openalex.org/W1599740911","https://openalex.org/W1908634864","https://openalex.org/W1974874858","https://openalex.org/W2052341330","https://openalex.org/W2098265084","https://openalex.org/W2138019504","https://openalex.org/W2159128662","https://openalex.org/W2169508236","https://openalex.org/W2286261512","https://openalex.org/W2316116400","https://openalex.org/W2411034702","https://openalex.org/W2488353765","https://openalex.org/W2492804124","https://openalex.org/W2554948173","https://openalex.org/W2567961463","https://openalex.org/W2574038793","https://openalex.org/W2582180708","https://openalex.org/W4236726526","https://openalex.org/W6697212559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2743258233","https://openalex.org/W4307834408","https://openalex.org/W3123344745","https://openalex.org/W4302303815","https://openalex.org/W3208584567","https://openalex.org/W3192794374","https://openalex.org/W2597787948","https://openalex.org/W4221031031","https://openalex.org/W4319781722","https://openalex.org/W4246751904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today,":[0],"the":[1,14,23,26,29,32,38,52,78,107,129,142,151,162,174,186,203,212,230,233,239],"diagnosis":[2,102,228],"of":[3,16,28,40,43,54,80,103,110,154,232],"Alzheimer\u2019s":[4,104,155,213],"disease":[5],"(AD)":[6],"or":[7],"mild":[8],"cognitive":[9],"impairment":[10],"(MCI)":[11],"has":[12],"attracted":[13],"attention":[15],"researchers":[17],"in":[18,25,73,236],"this":[19,74],"field":[20],"owing":[21],"to":[22,51,88,121,136,195],"increase":[24],"occurrence":[27],"diseases":[30],"and":[31,46,170,191,221,229],"need":[33,187],"for":[34,99,177,188,198,226],"early":[35],"diagnosis.":[36],"Unfortunately,":[37],"nature":[39],"high":[41],"dimension":[42],"neural":[44,117],"data":[45,152,180,200],"few":[47],"available":[48],"samples":[49],"led":[50],"creation":[53],"a":[55,70,94,219],"precise":[56],"computer":[57],"diagnostic":[58,168],"system.":[59],"Machine":[60],"learning":[61,83,204],"techniques,":[62],"especially":[63],"deep":[64],"learning,":[65,111],"have":[66],"been":[67],"considered":[68],"as":[69],"useful":[71],"tool":[72],"field.":[75],"Inspired":[76],"by":[77,150],"concept":[79],"unsupervised":[81],"feature":[82],"that":[84,161],"uses":[85],"artificial":[86],"intelligence":[87],"learn":[89,123],"features":[90,124,205],"from":[91,125],"raw":[92,126],"data,":[93,218],"two-stage":[95],"method":[96,147,164,184,235],"was":[97,119,134,148,171,224,242],"presented":[98],"an":[100,114],"intelligent":[101],"disease.":[105],"At":[106,128],"first":[108],"stage":[109],"scattered":[112],"filtering,":[113],"uncontrolled":[115],"two-layer":[116],"network":[118],"used":[120,135],"directly":[122],"data.":[127],"second":[130],"stage,":[131],"SoftMax":[132],"regression":[133],"categorize":[137],"health":[138],"statuses":[139],"based":[140],"on":[141],"learned":[143],"features.":[144],"The":[145,158,182],"proposed":[146,163,183,234],"validated":[149],"sets":[153],"Brain":[156],"Images.":[157],"results":[159],"showed":[160],"achieved":[165],"very":[166],"good":[167],"accuracy":[169],"better":[172],"than":[173],"existing":[175],"methods":[176,241],"brain":[178],"image":[179],"sets.":[181],"reduces":[185],"human":[189],"work":[190],"makes":[192],"it":[193],"easy":[194],"intelligently":[196],"diagnose":[197],"big":[199],"processing,":[201],"because":[202],"are":[206],"adaptive.":[207],"In":[208],"our":[209],"experiments":[210],"with":[211,238],"Disease":[214],"Neuroimaging":[215],"Initiative":[216],"(ADNI)":[217],"dual":[220],"multi-class":[222],"classification":[223],"conducted":[225],"AD/MCI":[227],"superiority":[231],"comparison":[237],"advanced":[240],"shown.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
