{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2908891718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","title":"Predicting referendum results in the Big Data Era","display_name":"Predicting referendum results in the Big Data Era","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2908891718","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","mag":"2908891718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056427551","display_name":"Amaryllis Mavragani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-0873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","display_name":"University of Stirling","ror":"https://ror.org/045wgfr59","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amaryllis Mavragani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6106-0873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080977235","display_name":"Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-6118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos P. Tsagarakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business and Environmental Technology Economics Lab, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100, Xanthi, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-6118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business and Environmental Technology Economics Lab, Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100, Xanthi, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056427551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":3.8339,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93644731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11819","display_name":"Data-Driven Disease Surveillance","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referendum","display_name":"Referendum","score":0.9922206401824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.6552618741989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkish","display_name":"Turkish","score":0.6354672312736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6041556000709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.5372227430343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.5095046162605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4858643412590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4719656705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44247063994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.4360671043395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.42458394169807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3460892140865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.223170667886734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.20097726583480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19735261797904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.15160927176475525}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781462389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43109","display_name":"Referendum","level":3,"score":0.9922206401824951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.6552618741989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256","display_name":"Turkish","level":2,"score":0.6354672312736511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6041556000709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.5372227430343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.5095046162605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4858643412590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4719656705856323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44247063994407654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4360671043395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.42458394169807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3460892140865326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.223170667886734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20097726583480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19735261797904968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.15160927176475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0512600322ff48aa9b14dc652dd26cb8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0512600322ff48aa9b14dc652dd26cb8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data, Vol 6, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.stir.ac.uk:1893/28676","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400268","display_name":"Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I12093191","host_organization_name":"University of Stirling","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12093191"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-018-0166-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2908891718.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2908891718.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967234986","https://openalex.org/W1979260767","https://openalex.org/W2015717769","https://openalex.org/W2021925316","https://openalex.org/W2021960523","https://openalex.org/W2047482710","https://openalex.org/W2053173464","https://openalex.org/W2053185287","https://openalex.org/W2054324875","https://openalex.org/W2058892455","https://openalex.org/W2066438821","https://openalex.org/W2071401300","https://openalex.org/W2076257979","https://openalex.org/W2080630525","https://openalex.org/W2109574129","https://openalex.org/W2125027109","https://openalex.org/W2127716901","https://openalex.org/W2129504444","https://openalex.org/W2132446932","https://openalex.org/W2146581597","https://openalex.org/W2166730394","https://openalex.org/W2177006723","https://openalex.org/W2182617692","https://openalex.org/W2193397352","https://openalex.org/W2239145306","https://openalex.org/W2263553584","https://openalex.org/W2267701366","https://openalex.org/W2308042658","https://openalex.org/W2317782408","https://openalex.org/W2323881768","https://openalex.org/W2325904848","https://openalex.org/W2327795576","https://openalex.org/W2343821855","https://openalex.org/W2395291901","https://openalex.org/W2396076269","https://openalex.org/W2399768446","https://openalex.org/W2403223197","https://openalex.org/W2550434428","https://openalex.org/W2559511041","https://openalex.org/W2618275734","https://openalex.org/W2805313511","https://openalex.org/W2891823847","https://openalex.org/W3022023470","https://openalex.org/W3122714990","https://openalex.org/W6635466137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081886995","https://openalex.org/W2559759988","https://openalex.org/W2939243630","https://openalex.org/W2153627975","https://openalex.org/W4246380667","https://openalex.org/W4214849266","https://openalex.org/W2041788478","https://openalex.org/W3135311320","https://openalex.org/W2171549357","https://openalex.org/W2161130964"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,70],"addressing":[1],"the":[2,15,31,35,38,45,66,71,76,90,130,134,138,142,146,151,161,165,195,200,208,218,224],"challenge":[3],"of":[4,11,17,37,47,73,78,101,114,158,210,220],"Big":[5],"Data":[6],"Analytics,":[7],"what":[8,93],"has":[9,50,176],"been":[10,51,177],"notable":[12],"significance":[13],"is":[14,94,96],"analysis":[16,219],"online":[18,48],"search":[19],"traffic":[20],"data":[21,49],"in":[22,54,126,207],"order":[23],"to":[24,81,97,180],"analyze":[25],"and":[26,68,87,104,124,150,164,169,198],"predict":[27],"human":[28],"behavior.":[29,69],"Over":[30],"last":[32],"decade,":[33],"since":[34],"establishment":[36],"most":[39],"popular":[40],"such":[41],"tool,":[42],"Google":[43,119,174,213],"Trends,":[44],"use":[46],"proven":[52],"valuable":[53],"various":[55],"research":[56],"fields,":[57],"including":[58],"-but":[59],"not":[60,199],"limited":[61],"to-":[62],"medicine,":[63],"economics,":[64],"politics,":[65,74],"environment,":[67],"field":[72],"given":[75],"inability":[77],"poll":[79],"agencies":[80],"always":[82],"well":[83,216],"approximate":[84],"voting":[85],"intentions":[86],"results":[88,117],"over":[89],"past":[91],"years,":[92],"imperative":[95],"find":[98],"new":[99],"methods":[100],"predicting":[102,115],"elections":[103],"referendum":[105,116],"outcomes.":[106],"This":[107],"paper":[108],"aims":[109],"at":[110],"presenting":[111],"a":[112,121,182],"methodology":[113],"using":[118],"Trends;":[120],"method":[122],"applied":[123],"verified":[125,179],"six":[127],"separate":[128],"occasions:":[129],"2014":[131],"Scottish":[132],"Referendum,":[133,137,141,145,149],"2015":[135],"Greek":[136],"2016":[139,143,147],"UK":[140],"Hungarian":[144],"Italian":[148],"2017":[152],"Turkish":[153],"Referendum.":[154],"Said":[155],"referendums":[156],"were":[157],"importance":[159],"for":[160],"respective":[162],"country":[163],"EU":[166],"as":[167,190],"well,":[168],"received":[170],"wide":[171],"international":[172],"attention.":[173],"Trends":[175,214],"empirically":[178],"be":[181],"tool":[183],"that":[184,223],"can":[185,215],"accurately":[186],"measure":[187],"behavioral":[188],"changes":[189,222],"it":[191],"takes":[192],"into":[193],"account":[194],"users\u2019":[196],"revealed":[197],"stated":[201],"preferences.":[202],"Thus":[203],"we":[204],"argue":[205],"that,":[206],"time":[209],"intelligence":[211],"excess,":[212],"address":[217],"social":[221],"internet":[225],"brings.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}