{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2395579298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","title":"A survey of transfer learning","display_name":"A survey of transfer learning","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2395579298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","mag":"2395579298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035627801","display_name":"Karl R. Weiss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl Weiss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089170562","display_name":"Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101983506","display_name":"Dingding Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2339-8050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63772739","display_name":"Florida Atlantic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p8w6387","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DingDing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035627801"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63772739"],"apc_list":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"apc_paid":{"value":1060,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1300},"fwci":249.6222,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6090,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99985986,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12761","display_name":"Data Stream Mining Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8448739051818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.8148742914199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductive-transfer","display_name":"Inductive transfer","score":0.6428096294403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6235241889953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5422403216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5417490601539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.519013524055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.47801101207733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.46543067693710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-learning","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","score":0.4397229254245758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3579220771789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.29978978633880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-learning","display_name":"Robot learning","score":0.17821216583251953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8448739051818848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.8148742914199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77075516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027324","display_name":"Inductive transfer","level":5,"score":0.6428096294403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6235241889953613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5422403216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5417490601539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.519013524055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47801101207733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.46543067693710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.4397229254245758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3579220771789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.29978978633880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188888258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353390","display_name":"Robot learning","level":4,"score":0.17821216583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","pdf_url":"https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s40537-016-0043-6","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737955091","display_name":"Journal Of Big Data","issn_l":"2196-1115","issn":["2196-1115"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Big Data","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2395579298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2395579298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":143,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22861983","https://openalex.org/W32692049","https://openalex.org/W46086471","https://openalex.org/W55204438","https://openalex.org/W143867266","https://openalex.org/W178169250","https://openalex.org/W193545200","https://openalex.org/W194772060","https://openalex.org/W255846030","https://openalex.org/W1502375784","https://openalex.org/W1510073064","https://openalex.org/W1517771839","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1578099820","https://openalex.org/W1583837637","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1682040381","https://openalex.org/W1722318740","https://openalex.org/W1766968125","https://openalex.org/W1820403671","https://openalex.org/W1834646128","https://openalex.org/W1978920452","https://openalex.org/W1979511819","https://openalex.org/W1981658663","https://openalex.org/W1982696459","https://openalex.org/W1984363873","https://openalex.org/W1991207565","https://openalex.org/W2000987725","https://openalex.org/W2002424773","https://openalex.org/W2008695654","https://openalex.org/W2014321108","https://openalex.org/W2014703436","https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2034368206","https://openalex.org/W2034692798","https://openalex.org/W2034852725","https://openalex.org/W2037265949","https://openalex.org/W2038569950","https://openalex.org/W2041496338","https://openalex.org/W2048335335","https://openalex.org/W2050496630","https://openalex.org/W2050752817","https://openalex.org/W2051390658","https://openalex.org/W2055103902","https://openalex.org/W2062152791","https://openalex.org/W2062179223","https://openalex.org/W2062518264","https://openalex.org/W2075728230","https://openalex.org/W2080521990","https://openalex.org/W2081621443","https://openalex.org/W2090923791","https://openalex.org/W2092012321","https://openalex.org/W2096873754","https://openalex.org/W2096943734","https://openalex.org/W2097381042","https://openalex.org/W2098027503","https://openalex.org/W2098355853","https://openalex.org/W2100664256","https://openalex.org/W2104290444","https://openalex.org/W2106053110","https://openalex.org/W2106097867","https://openalex.org/W2106261996","https://openalex.org/W2107298017","https://openalex.org/W2110952388","https://openalex.org/W2111362445","https://openalex.org/W2111561248","https://openalex.org/W2111904075","https://openalex.org/W2112483442","https://openalex.org/W2113831957","https://openalex.org/W2115403315","https://openalex.org/W2118338035","https://openalex.org/W2119595900","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2120149881","https://openalex.org/W2120158336","https://openalex.org/W2120354757","https://openalex.org/W2120479337","https://openalex.org/W2120559187","https://openalex.org/W2121341364","https://openalex.org/W2122084318","https://openalex.org/W2122156965","https://openalex.org/W2122838776","https://openalex.org/W2122922389","https://openalex.org/W2124961556","https://openalex.org/W2125263373","https://openalex.org/W2125972593","https://openalex.org/W2126574503","https://openalex.org/W2128053425","https://openalex.org/W2129416674","https://openalex.org/W2130903752","https://openalex.org/W2132755184","https://openalex.org/W2132898581","https://openalex.org/W2133968458","https://openalex.org/W2134557905","https://openalex.org/W2134982367","https://openalex.org/W2138679451","https://openalex.org/W2143104527","https://openalex.org/W2145868540","https://openalex.org/W2147152072","https://openalex.org/W2148966043","https://openalex.org/W2149466042","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151375682","https://openalex.org/W2152556536","https://openalex.org/W2153353890","https://openalex.org/W2153963799","https://openalex.org/W2155195660","https://openalex.org/W2156940638","https://openalex.org/W2158108973","https://openalex.org/W2159570078","https://openalex.org/W2160660844","https://openalex.org/W2161047120","https://openalex.org/W2161381512","https://openalex.org/W2162521231","https://openalex.org/W2162854380","https://openalex.org/W2163114435","https://openalex.org/W2163345210","https://openalex.org/W2164943005","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2169495281","https://openalex.org/W2170607218","https://openalex.org/W2171068337","https://openalex.org/W2171188027","https://openalex.org/W2171333143","https://openalex.org/W2184188583","https://openalex.org/W2218417636","https://openalex.org/W2280985394","https://openalex.org/W2398280087","https://openalex.org/W2399386490","https://openalex.org/W2418667810","https://openalex.org/W2524182563","https://openalex.org/W2538008885","https://openalex.org/W2595233870","https://openalex.org/W2735735104","https://openalex.org/W2914335078","https://openalex.org/W2953265577","https://openalex.org/W2963578416","https://openalex.org/W3035219538","https://openalex.org/W3125446772","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600195168","https://openalex.org/W6686207219","https://openalex.org/W6780052409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3016888008","https://openalex.org/W4394633951","https://openalex.org/W2745420784","https://openalex.org/W4213035857","https://openalex.org/W4387770285","https://openalex.org/W4292367956","https://openalex.org/W4312257007","https://openalex.org/W206237318","https://openalex.org/W2158618075","https://openalex.org/W1997156721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,18,51,126,138],"and":[2,24,39,108,128,146],"data":[3,23,26,40,63,84,144,152],"mining":[4],"techniques":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,47],"numerous":[10],"real-world":[11,49],"applications.":[12],"An":[13],"assumption":[14,54],"of":[15,131,143],"traditional":[16],"machine":[17,50],"methodologies":[19],"is":[20,64,72,90,117],"the":[21,30,35,44],"training":[22,62],"testing":[25],"are":[27,43,59,141],"taken":[28],"from":[29,85],"same":[31],"domain,":[32],"such":[33],"that":[34],"input":[36],"feature":[37],"space":[38],"distribution":[41],"characteristics":[42],"same.":[45],"However,":[46],"some":[48],"scenarios,":[52],"this":[53],"does":[55],"not":[56],"hold.":[57],"There":[58],"cases":[60],"where":[61],"expensive":[65],"or":[66],"difficult":[67],"to":[68,75,92,112,150],"collect.":[69],"Therefore,":[70],"there":[71,116],"a":[73,129],"need":[74],"create":[76],"high-performance":[77],"learners":[78],"trained":[79],"with":[80],"more":[81],"easily":[82],"obtained":[83],"different":[86],"domains.":[87],"This":[88,96],"methodology":[89],"referred":[91],"as":[93],"transfer":[94,101,113,125,137],"learning.":[95,114],"survey":[97],"paper":[98],"formally":[99],"defines":[100],"learning,":[102],"presents":[103],"information":[104,118],"on":[105,120],"current":[106],"solutions,":[107],"reviews":[109],"applications":[110],"applied":[111,149],"Lastly,":[115],"listed":[119],"software":[121],"downloads":[122],"for":[123],"various":[124],"solutions":[127,139],"discussion":[130],"possible":[132],"future":[133],"research":[134],"work.":[135],"The":[136],"surveyed":[140],"independent":[142],"size":[145],"can":[147],"be":[148],"big":[151],"environments.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":233},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":954},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1094},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1111},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":836},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":764},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":530},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":313},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":167},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
