{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161654552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0","title":"A tail-adjusted reliability index for non-Gaussian structural systems","display_name":"A tail-adjusted reliability index for non-Gaussian structural systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161654552","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3034486266","display_name":"Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"2213-7467","issn":["2213-7467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Moussa Leblouba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-616X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moussa Leblouba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1651-616X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Samer Barakat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-6920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133211407","display_name":"Fahd bin Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/01epw0x06","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133211407"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samer Barakat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Fahad Bin Sultan University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-6920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Fahad Bin Sultan University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133211407"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Raghad Awad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-0894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghad Awad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-0894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ahed Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-9334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahed Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Systems, Technologies, and Infrastructure Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-9334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Systems, Technologies, and Infrastructure Research Center, Research Institute of Sciences & Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Maan Habib","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-8852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115142","display_name":"Syrian Private University","ror":"https://ror.org/01h8c9041","country_code":"SY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115142"]}],"countries":["SY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maan Habib","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Informatics Engineering, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0102-8852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Informatics Engineering, Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115142"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61936599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.9562000036239624,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7488999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-system","display_name":"Structural system","score":0.7181000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-reliability","display_name":"Structural reliability","score":0.6610999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.659600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-pareto-distribution","display_name":"Generalized Pareto distribution","score":0.6108999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.5008000135421753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7488999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88282795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448108","display_name":"Structural system","level":2,"score":0.7181000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987092418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62517323","display_name":"Structural reliability","level":3,"score":0.6610999703407288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.659600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133514767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532448","display_name":"Generalized Pareto distribution","level":3,"score":0.6108999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.6054999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.5338000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.5008000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4092000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.30250000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147581598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729429","display_name":"Extreme value theory","level":2,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201729545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability theory","level":3,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.27869999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32230216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7882499","display_name":"Uncertainty quantification","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155673373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648886","display_name":"Structural stability","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61062188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835065","display_name":"Second moment of area","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190373308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837683","display_name":"Pareto distribution","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2524000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3034486266","display_name":"Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"2213-7467","issn":["2213-7467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d2208e9effdd4c2c9652e5fa0904e65b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d2208e9effdd4c2c9652e5fa0904e65b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40323-026-00321-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3034486266","display_name":"Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences","issn_l":"2213-7467","issn":["2213-7467"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Modeling and Simulation in Engineering Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500657154","https://openalex.org/W1964517342","https://openalex.org/W1980626417","https://openalex.org/W1991610061","https://openalex.org/W1993892083","https://openalex.org/W1999091229","https://openalex.org/W2024987953","https://openalex.org/W2051203581","https://openalex.org/W2096154525","https://openalex.org/W2160469729","https://openalex.org/W2312841537","https://openalex.org/W2498425058","https://openalex.org/W2802939152","https://openalex.org/W2979588271","https://openalex.org/W3186931428","https://openalex.org/W4226250188","https://openalex.org/W4293255074"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84,111,181],"conventional":[1],"reliability":[2,51,151],"index,":[3],"although":[4],"commonly":[5],"adopted":[6],"in":[7,156,198],"structural":[8,122],"engineering,":[9],"is":[10,86,114],"constructed":[11],"under":[12,201],"Gaussian":[13,125],"assumptions":[14],"and":[15,67,76,98,126,129,144,207],"remains":[16],"largely":[17],"insensitive":[18],"to":[19,54,121,159],"distributional":[20],"tail":[21,77,109],"characteristics.":[22],"As":[23],"a":[24,49,89],"result,":[25],"it":[26],"may":[27],"significantly":[28],"underestimate":[29],"the":[30,56,65,72,80,92,99,150,189],"probability":[31],"of":[32,79,91,191],"failure":[33],"when":[34],"input":[35],"variables":[36],"exhibit":[37],"heavy-tailed":[38],"or":[39],"asymmetric":[40],"behavior.":[41],"To":[42],"overcome":[43],"this":[44,46],"limitation,":[45],"study":[47],"introduces":[48],"new":[50],"metric,":[52],"referred":[53],"as":[55,141],"Tail-Adjusted":[57],"Reliability":[58],"Index":[59],"(TARI),":[60],"which":[61],"incorporates":[62],"not":[63],"only":[64],"first":[66],"second":[68],"moments,":[69],"but":[70],"also":[71],"skewness,":[73],"excess":[74],"kurtosis,":[75],"index":[78,152],"safety":[81],"margin":[82],"distribution.":[83],"formulation":[85],"based":[87],"on":[88],"combination":[90],"Cornish\u2013Fisher":[93],"expansion":[94],"for":[95,107],"moment-based":[96],"corrections":[97],"Generalized":[100],"Pareto":[101],"Distribution":[102],"from":[103,172],"extreme":[104],"value":[105],"theory":[106],"explicit":[108],"modeling.":[110],"proposed":[112],"approach":[113],"verified":[115],"using":[116],"Monte":[117],"Carlo":[118],"simulations":[119],"applied":[120],"systems":[123,157],"with":[124],"non-Gaussian":[127,173],"resistance":[128],"load":[130],"variables.":[131],"Three":[132],"representative":[133],"case":[134],"studies":[135],"are":[136,176],"analyzed,":[137],"covering":[138],"distributions":[139],"such":[140],"Weibull,":[142],"Gamma,":[143],"Gumbel,":[145],"where":[146],"TARI":[147,168,186],"consistently":[148],"reduces":[149],"by":[153,178],"16\u201331%,":[154],"even":[155],"calibrated":[158],"have":[160],"identical":[161],"classical":[162],"indices.":[163],"These":[164],"reductions":[165],"confirm":[166],"that":[167,175,184],"captures":[169],"risk":[170],"contributions":[171],"tails":[174],"neglected":[177],"traditional":[179],"methods.":[180],"results":[182],"suggest":[183],"applying":[185],"can":[187],"support":[188],"development":[190],"more":[192],"conservative":[193],"design":[194],"factors,":[195],"especially":[196],"relevant":[197],"code":[199],"calibration":[200],"uncertain":[202],"environmental":[203],"loads,":[204],"fatigue-sensitive":[205],"applications,":[206],"material":[208],"degradation":[209],"scenarios.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-20T06:11:20.791850","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}
