{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161837669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9","title":"Cybersecurity laws and ethical implications: integrated cybersecurity governance model (CLEI-ICGM)","display_name":"Cybersecurity laws and ethical implications: integrated cybersecurity governance model (CLEI-ICGM)","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161837669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016560751","display_name":"Jafar Ababneh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-2688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jafar Ababneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Cybersecurity Department \u2013 Al-Zarqa University, 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-2688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Cybersecurity Department \u2013 Al-Zarqa University, 2000, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136141961","display_name":"Hani Attar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165529","display_name":"University of Business and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05tcr1n44","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]}],"countries":["JO","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hani Attar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Faculty of Engineering, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165529"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136604159","display_name":"Hani Alghamdi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21173400","display_name":"Mutah University","ror":"https://ror.org/008g9ns82","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21173400"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Alghamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Mutah University, 7, Karak, 61710, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Mutah University, 7, Karak, 61710, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21173400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136139295","display_name":"Ibrahim Obeidat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157392197","display_name":"Hashemite University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a1r5z94","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Obeidat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdullah II Faculty of Information Technology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, 330127, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prince Al-Hussein Bin Abdullah II Faculty of Information Technology, Hashemite University, Zarqa, 330127, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157392197"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136274897","display_name":"Yousef Sharrab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92449659","display_name":"Isra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4bt482","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92449659"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yousef Sharrab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department, Isra University, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Department, Isra University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92449659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011543331","display_name":"Jamal Bani Salameh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21173400","display_name":"Mutah University","ror":"https://ror.org/008g9ns82","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21173400"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamal Bani Salameh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Mutah University, 7, Karak, 61710, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Mutah University, 7, Karak, 61710, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21173400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136521626","display_name":"Hassan Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153687341","display_name":"Zarqa University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wf1es90","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Marketing and Social Media, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Marketing and Social Media, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136584681","display_name":"Mohamed Hafez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12649496","display_name":"INTI International University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fj82m46","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12649496"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181635417","display_name":"Shinawatra University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sr8jt85","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181635417"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40798026","display_name":"Nilai University","ror":"https://ror.org/037zqsm37","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40798026"]}],"countries":["MY","TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hafez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, FEQS, INTI-IU-University, Nilai, Malaysia","Faculty of Management, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, FEQS, INTI-IU-University, Nilai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12649496","https://openalex.org/I40798026"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Management, Shinawatra University, Pathum Thani, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181635417"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016560751","https://openalex.org/A5136141961"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153687341","https://openalex.org/I4210165529"],"apc_list":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"apc_paid":{"value":1490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1490},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6155721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.2393999993801117,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.2393999993801117,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.2125999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.10679999738931656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.6452999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.6147000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.5982000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-protection-act-1998","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-governance","display_name":"Data governance","score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-breach","display_name":"Data breach","score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.36320000886917114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.6452999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.6147000193595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.5982000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5938000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5608000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69360830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172237","display_name":"Data Protection Act 1998","level":2,"score":0.4862000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196879817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q872685","display_name":"Data governance","level":4,"score":0.41519999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165609540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172486","display_name":"Data breach","level":2,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84418412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246940","display_name":"Digital forensics","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781460075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1399332","display_name":"Compliance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128268270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264133","display_name":"Ethical code","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29852176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373338","display_name":"Critical infrastructure","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5025d0cc0f1640ffa44c2982cbabe9ea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5025d0cc0f1640ffa44c2982cbabe9ea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, Vol 15, Iss 1 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-026-00902-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94784130","https://openalex.org/W1976188373","https://openalex.org/W1993034513","https://openalex.org/W2123069643","https://openalex.org/W2159306398","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2587401662","https://openalex.org/W2697004185","https://openalex.org/W2797770018","https://openalex.org/W2902634493","https://openalex.org/W3013158795","https://openalex.org/W3021749880","https://openalex.org/W3034195293","https://openalex.org/W3037995725","https://openalex.org/W3058237431","https://openalex.org/W3087287021","https://openalex.org/W3114047313","https://openalex.org/W3114640574","https://openalex.org/W3126790323","https://openalex.org/W3208254952","https://openalex.org/W3215101974","https://openalex.org/W4212799928","https://openalex.org/W4281631352","https://openalex.org/W4285411268","https://openalex.org/W4287889980","https://openalex.org/W4322731266","https://openalex.org/W4380591267","https://openalex.org/W4386984065","https://openalex.org/W4389147575","https://openalex.org/W4394881270","https://openalex.org/W4394884110","https://openalex.org/W4398255312","https://openalex.org/W4399274595","https://openalex.org/W4399450585","https://openalex.org/W4400201694","https://openalex.org/W4400566960","https://openalex.org/W4400721511","https://openalex.org/W4401600107","https://openalex.org/W4401881871","https://openalex.org/W4401995550","https://openalex.org/W4402653233","https://openalex.org/W4402776409","https://openalex.org/W4402842667","https://openalex.org/W4403011482","https://openalex.org/W4403182063","https://openalex.org/W4403182080","https://openalex.org/W4403577049","https://openalex.org/W4404874162","https://openalex.org/W4405132950","https://openalex.org/W4405488061","https://openalex.org/W4405801037","https://openalex.org/W4405844686","https://openalex.org/W4408960860","https://openalex.org/W4414271332","https://openalex.org/W4417131338","https://openalex.org/W7118185344","https://openalex.org/W7166525588"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,131,150,225],"necessity":[1],"for":[2,232,261],"strong":[3],"cybersecurity":[4,40,74,113,191,242,279],"governance":[5,99],"frameworks":[6,238],"that":[7,64,115,187,281],"can":[8],"strike":[9],"a":[10,34,69,137],"balance":[11],"between":[12,125],"legal":[13,176],"compliance,":[14,177],"ethical":[15,76,105,178,220,236],"responsibility,":[16,77],"and":[17,30,46,57,78,102,106,127,147,153,167,180,204,208,222,250,264,286],"technical":[18,47,79],"resilience":[19,80,182],"has":[20],"been":[21],"magnified":[22],"by":[23,118,157,193],"the":[24,43,87,188,245,251,256,259,276],"rapid":[25],"development":[26],"of":[27,36,98,175,272,278],"digital":[28,268],"technologies":[29],"AI.":[31],"There":[32],"is":[33,81],"lack":[35],"cohesion":[37],"among":[38],"current":[39],"approaches,":[41],"with":[42,112,229,239],"legal,":[44],"ethical,":[45],"domains":[48],"functioning":[49],"independently.":[50],"This":[51],"leads":[52,214],"to":[53,72,197,215,275],"inconsistencies":[54],"in":[55,59,83,173,267],"regulation":[56],"weaknesses":[58],"implementation.":[60],"An":[61],"all-encompassing":[62],"framework":[63,71],"integrates":[65],"these":[66],"aspects":[67],"into":[68],"consistent":[70],"strengthen":[73],"policy,":[75],"presented":[82],"this":[84],"study":[85],"as":[86,161],"Integrated":[88],"Cybersecurity":[89],"Governance":[90],"Model":[91],"(ICGM).":[92],"To":[93],"find":[94],"out":[95],"what":[96,103],"areas":[97],"are":[100,109,116,129,155,282],"lacking":[101],"new":[104,235],"regulatory":[107],"problems":[108],"coming":[110],"up":[111,228],"systems":[114],"driven":[117],"artificial":[119],"intelligence,":[120],"50":[121],"peer-reviewed":[122],"publications":[123],"published":[124],"2020":[126],"2025":[128],"studied.":[130],"proposed":[132],"ICGM":[133,189,212,257],"empirically":[134],"supported":[135],"through":[136],"multi-stakeholder":[138],"survey":[139],"involving":[140],"500":[141],"participants,":[142],"including":[143],"academics,":[144],"industry":[145],"professionals,":[146],"government":[148],"officials.":[149],"model\u2019s":[151],"validity":[152],"adaptability":[154],"reinforced":[156],"statistical":[158],"tests,":[159],"such":[160],"reliability":[162],"testing":[163],"(\u03b1":[164],"=":[165],"0.87)":[166],"ANOVA,":[168],"which":[169,273],"indicate":[170],"substantial":[171],"differences":[172],"views":[174],"standards,":[179],"operational":[181,207],"across":[183],"sectors.":[184],"Findings":[185],"show":[186],"improves":[190],"decision-making":[192],"giving":[194],"practical":[195,265],"ways":[196],"incorporate":[198],"AI":[199,237],"ethics":[200],"(e.g.":[201],"openness,":[202],"justice,":[203],"responsibility)":[205],"at":[206],"policy":[209,230],"levels,":[210],"also":[211],"adoption":[213],"better":[216],"proactive":[217],"threat":[218],"management,":[219],"alignment,":[221],"compliance":[223],"assurance.":[224],"paper":[226],"wraps":[227],"suggestions":[231],"bringing":[233],"together":[234],"existing":[240],"international":[241],"laws":[243],"like":[244],"General":[246],"Data":[247],"Protection":[248],"Regulation":[249],"Budapest":[252],"Convention.":[253],"In":[254],"sum,":[255],"lays":[258],"groundwork":[260],"future":[262],"studies":[263],"applications":[266],"infrastructure":[269],"governance,":[270],"all":[271],"contribute":[274],"growth":[277],"ecosystems":[280],"resilient,":[283],"morally":[284],"based,":[285],"legally":[287],"compliant.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-05-21T00:00:00"}