{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404080185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","title":"COPSA: a computation offloading strategy based on PPO algorithm and self-attention mechanism in MEC-empowered smart factories","display_name":"COPSA: a computation offloading strategy based on PPO algorithm and self-attention mechanism in MEC-empowered smart factories","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404080185","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080027678","display_name":"Yining Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-6696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yining Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101861025","display_name":"Kai Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9910-4237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China","College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048681495","display_name":"Chengfang Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0074-3369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119045251","display_name":"Huaqiao University","ror":"https://ror.org/03frdh605","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengfang Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China","State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080027678"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119045251","https://openalex.org/I881766915"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"fwci":0.6776,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72879557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9549000263214111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.7186418175697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.7085124254226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6442946195602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.6119469404220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4088097810745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39976292848587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3650326132774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2418917417526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.18521064519882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.09001484513282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.7186418175697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7085124254226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6442946195602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.6119469404220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4088097810745239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39976292848587036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3650326132774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2418917417526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.18521064519882202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.09001484513282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7914a943390141ca9b0afa436b4ee5f8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7914a943390141ca9b0afa436b4ee5f8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-20 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-024-00714-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G193607013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2020C050R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336651","funder_display_name":"Quanzhou City Science and Technology Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2845441427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZQN-817","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5270552890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5982314114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020C050R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336651","funder_display_name":"Quanzhou City Science and Technology Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G602573184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2020C050R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336651","funder_display_name":"Quanzhou City Science and Technology Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6677378098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8058477375","display_name":"I-Corps: Smart Street Parking Assistant","funder_award_id":"2024103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G807519644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.ZQN-817","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8333065070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.61902133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336651","display_name":"Quanzhou City Science and Technology Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4404080185.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569478347","https://openalex.org/W2526389601","https://openalex.org/W2909977353","https://openalex.org/W2914876238","https://openalex.org/W2984381742","https://openalex.org/W2990044210","https://openalex.org/W2994813045","https://openalex.org/W2999868547","https://openalex.org/W3007441326","https://openalex.org/W3033696290","https://openalex.org/W3045615471","https://openalex.org/W3093995308","https://openalex.org/W3107130550","https://openalex.org/W3116291548","https://openalex.org/W3125194699","https://openalex.org/W3136338303","https://openalex.org/W3140120701","https://openalex.org/W3158970411","https://openalex.org/W3159655746","https://openalex.org/W3163273607","https://openalex.org/W3176627512","https://openalex.org/W3176725384","https://openalex.org/W3193397333","https://openalex.org/W3197550187","https://openalex.org/W3209952793","https://openalex.org/W3211297384","https://openalex.org/W3212614427","https://openalex.org/W3217358138","https://openalex.org/W4205434059","https://openalex.org/W4210635222","https://openalex.org/W4221075435","https://openalex.org/W4226018382","https://openalex.org/W4240199023","https://openalex.org/W4281636250","https://openalex.org/W4284896366","https://openalex.org/W4285260612","https://openalex.org/W4292388074","https://openalex.org/W4295934714","https://openalex.org/W4310078348","https://openalex.org/W4313535036","https://openalex.org/W4318822022","https://openalex.org/W4318953185","https://openalex.org/W4320031316","https://openalex.org/W4327808344","https://openalex.org/W4361732959","https://openalex.org/W4377697956","https://openalex.org/W4377862205","https://openalex.org/W4379381461","https://openalex.org/W4379741092","https://openalex.org/W4382052612","https://openalex.org/W4386436235","https://openalex.org/W4386597403","https://openalex.org/W4389950055","https://openalex.org/W4390549805","https://openalex.org/W4390682402","https://openalex.org/W4391249479","https://openalex.org/W4391255654","https://openalex.org/W4391428923","https://openalex.org/W4391429135","https://openalex.org/W4391467979"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2751308120","https://openalex.org/W2966556967","https://openalex.org/W2954039338","https://openalex.org/W4399169206","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2337102067","https://openalex.org/W3108946947","https://openalex.org/W4302338237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,8,21,34,57,78,92,124,132],"dawn":[2],"of":[3,23,59,113,126],"Industry":[4],"5.0":[5],"upon":[6],"us,":[7],"smart":[9,42,63],"factory":[10],"emerges":[11],"as":[12],"a":[13,17,68],"pivotal":[14],"element,":[15],"playing":[16],"crucial":[18],"role":[19],"in":[20,41,62,86],"realm":[22],"intelligent":[24],"manufacturing.":[25],"Meanwhile,":[26],"mobile":[27],"edge":[28,52],"computing":[29,53,83],"is":[30,46,95],"proposed":[31,128],"to":[32,49,55,81,97,131],"alleviate":[33],"computational":[35],"burden":[36],"presented":[37],"by":[38],"substantial":[39],"workloads":[40],"factories.":[43,64],"Nonetheless,":[44],"it":[45],"very":[47],"challenging":[48],"effectively":[50],"incorporate":[51],"resources":[54],"improve":[56],"efficiency":[58],"resource":[60,84],"deployment":[61],"Accordingly,":[65],"we":[66],"devise":[67],"novel":[69],"approach":[70,129],"based":[71],"on":[72,101,116],"Proximal":[73],"Policy":[74],"Optimization":[75],"algorithm":[76],"with":[77],"Self-Attention":[79],"Mechanism":[80],"implement":[82],"allocation":[85],"MEC-Empowered":[87],"Smart":[88],"Factories.":[89],"More":[90],"specifically,":[91],"self-attention":[93],"mechanism":[94],"incorporated":[96],"enable":[98],"dynamic":[99],"focus":[100],"state":[102],"information,":[103],"accelerates":[104],"convergence":[105],"and":[106,119],"facilitates":[107],"global":[108],"control.":[109],"A":[110],"great":[111],"number":[112],"experiments":[114],"conducted":[115],"both":[117],"simulated":[118],"real":[120],"datasets":[121],"have":[122],"verified":[123],"superiority":[125],"our":[127],"compared":[130],"state-of-the-art":[133],"baselines.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-20T07:46:08.049788","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}