{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391824073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","title":"A fog-edge-enabled intrusion detection system for smart grids","display_name":"A fog-edge-enabled intrusion detection system for smart grids","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391824073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008277736","display_name":"Noshina Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9754-253X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899713450","display_name":"Air University","ror":"https://ror.org/03yfe9v83","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noshina Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Avionics Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics Engineering, Air University, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I899713450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051912609","display_name":"Amjad Alsirhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-2575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Alsirhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027472030","display_name":"Mamoona Humayun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-2257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mamoona Humayun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046591880","display_name":"Faeiz Alserhani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-7147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faeiz Alserhani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering & Networks, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering & Networks, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Al Jouf, 72388, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005178354","display_name":"Momina Shaheen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9424-9787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I877107187","display_name":"University of Roehampton","ror":"https://ror.org/043071f54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Momina Shaheen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing & School of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 5PU, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing & School of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, SW15 5PU, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027472030"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"fwci":14.7734,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99445332,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7466893792152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6219500303268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6025115847587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.573885977268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5405750274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion","display_name":"Intrusion","score":0.528066873550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-prevention-system","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","score":0.5083138346672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4744200110435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.33268821239471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.23762014508247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22323498129844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15907737612724304}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7466893792152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6219500303268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6025115847587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.573885977268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5405750274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158251709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q354025","display_name":"Intrusion","level":2,"score":0.528066873550415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27061796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion prevention system","level":3,"score":0.5083138346672058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4744200110435486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33268821239471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.23762014508247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22323498129844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15907737612724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:013e58f930e243a7b74ed589a52074dd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/013e58f930e243a7b74ed589a52074dd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, Vol 13, Iss 1, Pp 1-34 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-024-00609-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391824073.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025878975","https://openalex.org/W2028788479","https://openalex.org/W2058348003","https://openalex.org/W2119531181","https://openalex.org/W2122646361","https://openalex.org/W2132594929","https://openalex.org/W2161630727","https://openalex.org/W2535068938","https://openalex.org/W2541884796","https://openalex.org/W2577169953","https://openalex.org/W2752006512","https://openalex.org/W2768787308","https://openalex.org/W2786647381","https://openalex.org/W2805092202","https://openalex.org/W2901312569","https://openalex.org/W2937471939","https://openalex.org/W2941500089","https://openalex.org/W2948436463","https://openalex.org/W2950250245","https://openalex.org/W2958285686","https://openalex.org/W2964913305","https://openalex.org/W2965751914","https://openalex.org/W2972133454","https://openalex.org/W2973828582","https://openalex.org/W2979040987","https://openalex.org/W2997502037","https://openalex.org/W3016470706","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3023211159","https://openalex.org/W3044405156","https://openalex.org/W3045826655","https://openalex.org/W3082431408","https://openalex.org/W3085512567","https://openalex.org/W3093410479","https://openalex.org/W3112969971","https://openalex.org/W3115124192","https://openalex.org/W3123459983","https://openalex.org/W3125540236","https://openalex.org/W3134649272","https://openalex.org/W3137058877","https://openalex.org/W3157698638","https://openalex.org/W3158995007","https://openalex.org/W3163895120","https://openalex.org/W3177095755","https://openalex.org/W3189219008","https://openalex.org/W3196353485","https://openalex.org/W3202801741","https://openalex.org/W3204340292","https://openalex.org/W3206162503","https://openalex.org/W3215632809","https://openalex.org/W3216168529","https://openalex.org/W4200526356","https://openalex.org/W4206401966","https://openalex.org/W4210793970","https://openalex.org/W4213357150","https://openalex.org/W4220776964","https://openalex.org/W4225674133","https://openalex.org/W4229001209","https://openalex.org/W4282006100","https://openalex.org/W4285214146","https://openalex.org/W4288040153","https://openalex.org/W4292624317","https://openalex.org/W4292693923","https://openalex.org/W4293176456","https://openalex.org/W4293567445","https://openalex.org/W4307216913","https://openalex.org/W4308415781","https://openalex.org/W4315647204","https://openalex.org/W4319320116","https://openalex.org/W4321435313","https://openalex.org/W4322102176","https://openalex.org/W4322720573","https://openalex.org/W4365788178","https://openalex.org/W4368227450","https://openalex.org/W4377107507","https://openalex.org/W4378628008","https://openalex.org/W4386453656","https://openalex.org/W4387522060"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392603527","https://openalex.org/W2390009783","https://openalex.org/W2348767155","https://openalex.org/W1513478798","https://openalex.org/W2388497169","https://openalex.org/W3120393658","https://openalex.org/W4283700121","https://openalex.org/W1496376327","https://openalex.org/W2885657717","https://openalex.org/W2133389611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,153],"Smart":[2],"Grid":[3],"(SG)":[4],"heavily":[5],"depends":[6],"on":[7,49,77,196],"the":[8,32,62,93,135,139,187,191,197,237],"Advanced":[9],"Metering":[10],"Infrastructure":[11],"(AMI)":[12],"technology,":[13],"which":[14,52],"has":[15],"shown":[16],"its":[17,164],"vulnerability":[18],"to":[19,29,56,147],"intrusions.":[20],"To":[21,95],"effectively":[22],"monitor":[23],"and":[24,60,155,205,212,222,226],"raise":[25],"alarms":[26],"in":[27,228,236],"response":[28],"anomalous":[30],"activities,":[31],"Intrusion":[33],"Detection":[34],"System":[35],"(IDS)":[36],"plays":[37],"a":[38,69,78,102,105,149,233],"crucial":[39],"role.":[40],"However,":[41],"existing":[42,167],"intrusion":[43,66,219],"detection":[44,220],"models":[45],"are":[46,132],"typically":[47],"trained":[48],"cloud":[50],"servers,":[51],"exposes":[53],"user":[54,224],"data":[55,91,141,225],"significant":[57,234],"privacy":[58,142,227],"risks":[59],"extends":[61],"time":[63],"required":[64],"for":[65,115,122],"detection.":[67],"Training":[68],"high-quality":[70,150],"IDS":[71,114,151],"using":[72,186],"Artificial":[73],"Intelligence":[74],"(AI)":[75],"technologies":[76],"single":[79],"entity":[80],"becomes":[81],"particularly":[82],"challenging":[83],"when":[84,184],"dealing":[85],"with":[86,134,200],"vast":[87],"amounts":[88],"of":[89,174],"distributed":[90],"across":[92],"network.":[94],"address":[96],"these":[97],"concerns,":[98],"this":[99,127,160],"paper":[100],"presents":[101],"novel":[103,216],"approach:":[104],"fog-edge-enabled":[106],"Support":[107],"Vector":[108],"Machine":[109],"(SVM)-based":[110],"federated":[111],"learning":[112,130,146],"(FL)":[113],"SGs.":[116],"FL":[117],"is":[118],"an":[119,170],"AI":[120],"technique":[121],"training":[123],"Edge":[124],"devices.":[125],"In":[126],"system,":[128],"only":[129],"parameters":[131],"shared":[133],"global":[136],"model,":[137],"ensuring":[138],"utmost":[140],"while":[143],"enabling":[144],"collaborative":[145],"develop":[148],"model.":[152],"test":[154],"validation":[156],"results":[157],"obtained":[158],"from":[159],"proposed":[161],"model":[162,192],"demonstrate":[163],"superiority":[165],"over":[166],"methods,":[168],"achieving":[169],"impressive":[171],"percentage":[172],"improvement":[173],"4.17%":[175],"accuracy,":[176,202],"13.19%":[177,181],"recall,":[178,204],"9.63%":[179],"precision,":[180,203],"F1":[182,206],"score":[183],"evaluated":[185],"NSL-KDD":[188],"dataset.":[189],"Furthermore,":[190],"performed":[193],"exceptionally":[194],"well":[195],"CICIDS2017":[198],"dataset,":[199],"improved":[201],"scores":[207],"reaching":[208],"6.03%,":[209,210],"7.57%,":[211],"7.08%,":[213],"respectively.":[214],"This":[215],"approach":[217],"enhances":[218],"accuracy":[221],"safeguards":[223],"SG":[229],"systems,":[230],"making":[231],"it":[232],"advancement":[235],"field.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}