{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389247864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","title":"PPO-based deployment and phase control for movable intelligent reflecting surface","display_name":"PPO-based deployment and phase control for movable intelligent reflecting surface","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389247864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026411857","display_name":"Yikun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6031-590X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yikun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021772015","display_name":"Fanqin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-6517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanqin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114104849","display_name":"Huaide Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6703-7180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaide Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059665891","display_name":"Lei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-5590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442689","display_name":"Wenjing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-1007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026411857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"fwci":0.7758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72252991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9627000093460083,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.9221142530441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6587762236595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5959532856941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5786935091018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.537814736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.4768449068069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4743950366973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.413801908493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3469763994216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33648350834846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23093637824058533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1904880404472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.147087961435318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.9221142530441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6587762236595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5959532856941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5786935091018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.537814736366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.4768449068069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4743950366973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.413801908493042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3469763994216919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33648350834846497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23093637824058533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1904880404472351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.147087961435318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bbc2482fe161413383053b0f8d9ad08c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bbc2482fe161413383053b0f8d9ad08c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-023-00528-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G227785576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389247864.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3026072117","https://openalex.org/W3081215475","https://openalex.org/W3088713641","https://openalex.org/W3129057988","https://openalex.org/W3129486236","https://openalex.org/W3159178565","https://openalex.org/W3167758950","https://openalex.org/W3172129612","https://openalex.org/W3177035154","https://openalex.org/W3184734656","https://openalex.org/W3204788403","https://openalex.org/W4205295562","https://openalex.org/W4205526478","https://openalex.org/W4206450891","https://openalex.org/W4210732939","https://openalex.org/W4214545322","https://openalex.org/W4226248369","https://openalex.org/W4226313405","https://openalex.org/W4281260179","https://openalex.org/W4285197869","https://openalex.org/W4292262852","https://openalex.org/W4292387463","https://openalex.org/W4292967238","https://openalex.org/W4294811237","https://openalex.org/W4312992204","https://openalex.org/W4361791473","https://openalex.org/W4362653514","https://openalex.org/W4382053197","https://openalex.org/W4384009836","https://openalex.org/W4385647779","https://openalex.org/W4386191850","https://openalex.org/W4386376492","https://openalex.org/W4386422321","https://openalex.org/W6814003322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W3204066640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Intelligent":[1],"reflecting":[2],"surface":[3],"(IRS)":[4],"stands":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,45,88],"promising":[8],"technology":[9],"to":[10,21,65,123],"revolutionize":[11],"wireless":[12],"communication":[13,124],"by":[14],"manipulating":[15],"incident":[16],"signal":[17],"amplitudes":[18],"and":[19,70,86,104,129],"phases":[20],"enhance":[22],"system":[23],"performance.":[24],"While":[25],"existing":[26],"research":[27],"primarily":[28],"centers":[29],"around":[30],"optimizing":[31,100],"the":[32,37,51,63,76,83,101,112,115],"phase":[33,105],"shifts":[34],"of":[35,39,48,53,82,107,114],"IRS,":[36],"deployment":[38,58],"IRS":[40,61,85,127],"on":[41,93],"movable":[42,84],"platforms":[43],"introduces":[44],"new":[46],"degree":[47],"freedom":[49],"in":[50],"design":[52],"IRS-assisted":[54,132],"systems.":[55],"Leveraging":[56],"flexible":[57],"strategies":[59],"for":[60,98],"holds":[62],"potential":[64],"further":[66],"amplify":[67],"network":[68],"throughput":[69],"extend":[71],"coverage.":[72],"This":[73],"paper":[74],"addresses":[75],"challenging":[77],"non-convex":[78],"joint":[79],"optimization":[80,90,96],"problem":[81],"proposes":[87],"dynamic":[89],"algorithm":[91],"based":[92],"proximal":[94],"policy":[95],"(PPO)":[97],"dynamically":[99],"aerial":[102],"position":[103],"configuration":[106],"IRS.":[108],"Simulation":[109],"results":[110],"show":[111],"effectiveness":[113],"proposed":[116],"approach,":[117],"demonstrating":[118],"significant":[119],"performance":[120],"improvements":[121],"compared":[122],"schemes":[125],"without":[126],"assistance":[128],"conventional":[130],"static":[131],"methods.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
