{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4311212928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","title":"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improving cloud efficiency through optimized resource allocation technique for load balancing using LSTM machine learning algorithm","display_name":"RETRACTED ARTICLE: Improving cloud efficiency through optimized resource allocation technique for load balancing using LSTM machine learning algorithm","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4311212928","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085428147","display_name":"Moses Ashawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-0791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moses Ashawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security and Networks, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens RD, Glasgow GA OBA, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security and Networks, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens RD, Glasgow GA OBA, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072716072","display_name":"Oyakhire Douglas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oyakhire Douglas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security and Networks, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens RD, Glasgow GA OBA, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security and Networks, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens RD, Glasgow GA OBA, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067594566","display_name":"Jude Osamor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3739-8521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jude Osamor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security and Networks, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens RD, Glasgow GA OBA, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security and Networks, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens RD, Glasgow GA OBA, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079885275","display_name":"Jackie Riley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7610-8702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195939026","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riley Jackie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security and Networks, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens RD, Glasgow GA OBA, Glasgow, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security and Networks, Glasgow Caledonian University, Cowcaddens RD, Glasgow GA OBA, Glasgow, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085428147"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195939026"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"fwci":9.5602,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98056504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":true,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8736853003501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8141544461250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6341557502746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6130576133728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid-computing","display_name":"Grid computing","score":0.5822405219078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.5815576910972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-tree-search","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","score":0.48677870631217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.45782336592674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.44872915744781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.43295592069625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.4287598133087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3242886960506439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.19080203771591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1397194266319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10995438694953918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8736853003501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8141544461250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6341557502746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6130576133728027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70429105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249999","display_name":"Grid computing","level":3,"score":0.5822405219078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.5815576910972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46149586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11785332","display_name":"Monte Carlo tree search","level":3,"score":0.48677870631217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45782336592674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.44872915744781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.43295592069625854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4287598133087158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3242886960506439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.19080203771591187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1397194266319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10995438694953918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.gcu.ac.uk:openaire_cris_publications/e230ae60-495a-4c6c-a714-5d4f7c022355","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchonline.gcu.ac.uk/en/publications/e230ae60-495a-4c6c-a714-5d4f7c022355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055385","display_name":"ResearchOnline","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Ashawa, M, Oyakhire , D, Osamor, J & Riley, J 2022, 'RETRACTED: Improving cloud efficiency through optimized resource allocation technique for load balancing using LSTM machine learning algorithm', Journal of Cloud Computing, vol. 11, 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fe55a52241624fb7bc242c3cca7449bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fe55a52241624fb7bc242c3cca7449bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-022-00362-x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311695","display_name":"Glasgow Caledonian University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dvm1235"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311212928.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4311212928.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672600311","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2072352048","https://openalex.org/W2094715109","https://openalex.org/W2144628693","https://openalex.org/W2144636394","https://openalex.org/W2275530856","https://openalex.org/W2286256912","https://openalex.org/W2296019917","https://openalex.org/W2416610140","https://openalex.org/W2563893817","https://openalex.org/W2580714738","https://openalex.org/W2592158815","https://openalex.org/W2751605849","https://openalex.org/W2781788077","https://openalex.org/W2893020490","https://openalex.org/W2912120213","https://openalex.org/W2913498128","https://openalex.org/W2940198804","https://openalex.org/W2964101383","https://openalex.org/W3017139619","https://openalex.org/W3022229389","https://openalex.org/W3044011738","https://openalex.org/W3103211661","https://openalex.org/W3115838396","https://openalex.org/W3135664775","https://openalex.org/W3138243008","https://openalex.org/W3152982740","https://openalex.org/W3161198055","https://openalex.org/W4239557401","https://openalex.org/W4285146191"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280422768","https://openalex.org/W3143197806","https://openalex.org/W4252555497","https://openalex.org/W3121175838","https://openalex.org/W3016293053","https://openalex.org/W1690653314","https://openalex.org/W2275524962","https://openalex.org/W2401723157","https://openalex.org/W2065055572","https://openalex.org/W2148520865"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Allocating":[1],"resources":[2,81,141],"is":[3,28,39,47,207,249,273],"crucial":[4],"in":[5,53,136],"large-scale":[6],"distributed":[7,51],"computing,":[8,45],"as":[9,43,278,305],"networks":[10],"of":[11,20,25,50,67,71,98,101,155,259,285,294,324,361],"computers":[12],"tackle":[13],"difficult":[14],"optimization":[15,258],"problems.":[16],"Within":[17],"the":[18,23,41,64,68,96,102,115,122,140,144,153,195,216,225,257,264,266,270,286,290,295,314],"scope":[19],"this":[21,206,235],"discussion,":[22],"objective":[24],"resource":[26,110,118,125,260],"allocation":[27,111],"to":[29,63,120,126,199,210,215,307,327,334,340],"achieve":[30],"maximum":[31],"overall":[32],"computing":[33,38,52,85],"efficiency":[34],"or":[35],"throughput.":[36],"Cloud":[37],"not":[40],"same":[42],"grid":[44],"which":[46,54,105,219],"a":[48,83,89,150,335],"version":[49],"physically":[55],"separate":[56],"clusters":[57],"are":[58],"networked":[59],"and":[60,78,139,173,181,240,329,354],"made":[61],"accessible":[62],"public.":[65],"Because":[66],"wide":[69],"variety":[70],"application":[72,100,117],"workloads,":[73],"allocating":[74],"multiple":[75],"virtualized":[76],"information":[77],"communication":[79],"technology":[80],"within":[82],"cloud":[84,165,348,363],"paradigm":[86],"can":[87,222],"be":[88,238],"problematic":[90],"challenge.":[91],"This":[92,311],"research":[93],"focused":[94],"on":[95,152,263],"implementation":[97],"an":[99,107,241],"LSTM":[103,146],"algorithm":[104],"provided":[106],"intuitive":[108],"dynamic":[109,159],"system":[112],"that":[113,129,231,313],"analyses":[114],"heuristics":[116,353],"utilization":[119],"ascertain":[121],"best":[123],"extra":[124],"provide":[127],"for":[128,164,256,358],"application.":[130],"The":[131,246,283],"software":[132],"solution":[133],"was":[134,149,229,244],"simulated":[135],"near":[137],"real-time,":[138],"allocated":[142],"by":[143,232,275,302,320],"trained":[145],"model.":[147],"There":[148],"discussion":[151],"benefits":[154],"integrating":[156],"these":[157],"with":[158,188,218,251,280],"routing":[160],"algorithms,":[161],"designed":[162],"specifically":[163],"data":[166,349],"centre":[167,350],"traffic.":[168],"Both":[169],"Long-Short":[170],"Term":[171],"Memory":[172],"Monte":[174],"Carlo":[175],"Tree":[176],"Search":[177],"have":[178,185],"been":[179,186],"investigated,":[180],"their":[182],"various":[183,352],"efficiencies":[184],"compared":[187,250,279,306,339],"one":[189],"another.":[190],"Consistent":[191],"traffic":[192,220,296],"patterns":[193,221],"throughout":[194],"simulation":[196],"were":[197],"shown":[198],"improve":[200],"MCTS":[201],"performance.":[202],"A":[203],"situation":[204],"like":[205],"usually":[208],"impossible":[209],"put":[211],"into":[212],"practice":[213],"due":[214,333],"rapidity":[217],"shift.":[223],"On":[224],"other":[226,252,281,308,341],"hand,":[227],"it":[228],"verified":[230],"employing":[233,351],"LSTM,":[234],"problem":[236],"could":[237],"solved,":[239],"acceptable":[242],"SLA":[243],"achieved.":[245],"proposed":[247,267,287,315],"model":[248,268,288],"load":[253,297,359],"balancing":[254,360],"techniques":[255],"allocation.":[261],"Based":[262],"result,":[265],"shows":[269],"accuracy":[271],"rate":[272,293],"enhanced":[274],"approximately":[276,303],"10\u201315%":[277],"models.":[282,310,342],"result":[284],"reduces":[289],"error":[291],"percent":[292],"average":[298],"request":[299],"blocking":[300],"probability":[301],"9.5\u201310.2%":[304],"different":[309],"means":[312],"technique":[316],"improves":[317],"network":[318],"usage":[319],"taking":[321],"less":[322],"amount":[323],"time":[325],"due,":[326],"memory,":[328],"central":[330],"processing":[331],"unit":[332],"good":[336],"predictive":[337],"approach":[338],"In":[343],"future":[344],"research,":[345],"we":[346],"implement":[347],"machine":[355],"learning":[356],"approaches":[357],"energy":[362],"using":[364],"firefly":[365],"algorithms.":[366]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}