{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4298005735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","title":"Research on unsupervised anomaly data detection method based on improved automatic encoder and Gaussian mixture model","display_name":"Research on unsupervised anomaly data detection method based on improved automatic encoder and Gaussian mixture model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4298005735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100331370","display_name":"Xiangyu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9733-3017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Space Engineering, Beijing, 101416, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Space Engineering, Beijing, 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015325811","display_name":"Shibing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-3689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Space Engineering, Beijing, 101416, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Space Engineering, Beijing, 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012476854","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1292-0894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Space Engineering, Beijing, 101416, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Space Engineering, Beijing, 101416, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061866632","display_name":"Shengjun Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8545-7015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengjun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Information Science and Technology University, Beijing, 100026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100331370"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"fwci":1.242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83056086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7707622051239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7507214546203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.7127698063850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6488045454025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5692115426063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5496091842651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5299274325370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/density-estimation","display_name":"Density estimation","score":0.5279989242553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5259164571762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.47461357712745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.44911089539527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.4275780916213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.41555628180503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1956849992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10880303382873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09695866703987122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7707622051239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7507214546203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.7127698063850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6488045454025269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5692115426063538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5496091842651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5299274325370789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189508267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17088227","display_name":"Density estimation","level":3,"score":0.5279989242553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5259164571762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.47461357712745667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44911089539527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.4275780916213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.41555628180503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1956849992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10880303382873535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09695866703987122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:63403ce30347435183b26b652a7a7f35","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/63403ce30347435183b26b652a7a7f35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-16 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13677-022-00328-z","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4298005735.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4298005735.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174941419","https://openalex.org/W398859631","https://openalex.org/W569478347","https://openalex.org/W2015887370","https://openalex.org/W2059563977","https://openalex.org/W2141718589","https://openalex.org/W2157040323","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2466206609","https://openalex.org/W2526468814","https://openalex.org/W2527999453","https://openalex.org/W2593390416","https://openalex.org/W2604272474","https://openalex.org/W2743138268","https://openalex.org/W2766042539","https://openalex.org/W2913668833","https://openalex.org/W2921871306","https://openalex.org/W2990138404","https://openalex.org/W3016481661","https://openalex.org/W3119479259","https://openalex.org/W3177525997","https://openalex.org/W3184413278","https://openalex.org/W4230503776","https://openalex.org/W4238226374","https://openalex.org/W4245551996","https://openalex.org/W4298082496","https://openalex.org/W6743198006"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W3186512740","https://openalex.org/W3194885736","https://openalex.org/W4310873165","https://openalex.org/W3046391934","https://openalex.org/W4363671829","https://openalex.org/W2355395139","https://openalex.org/W4285596704","https://openalex.org/W2017090935","https://openalex.org/W2889431959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"With":[1],"the":[2,45,88,134,139,143,149,153,169,178,185,193,200],"development":[3],"of":[4,48,53,68,142,152],"cloud":[5,28],"computing,":[6],"more":[7,9],"and":[8,50,65,94,117,146,188],"security":[10],"problems":[11],"like":[12],"\u201cfuzzy":[13],"boundary\u201d":[14],"are":[15],"exposed.":[16],"To":[17],"solve":[18],"such":[19],"problems,":[20],"unsupervised":[21,105],"anomaly":[22,37,106],"detection":[23,38,107],"is":[24,33,110],"increasingly":[25],"used":[26,35],"in":[27,36,42,60,78],"security,":[29],"where":[30],"density":[31,69,162],"estimation":[32,70],"commonly":[34],"clustering":[39],"tasks.":[40],"However,":[41],"practical":[43],"use,":[44],"excessive":[46],"amount":[47],"data":[49,54,61,63,79],"high":[51],"dimensionality":[52,80],"features":[55],"can":[56],"lead":[57],"to":[58,90,96,136],"difficulties":[59],"calibration,":[62],"redundancy,":[64],"reduced":[66],"effectiveness":[67],"algorithms.":[71],"Although":[72],"auto-encoders":[73,83],"have":[74],"made":[75],"fruitful":[76],"progress":[77],"reduction,":[81],"using":[82],"alone":[84],"may":[85],"still":[86],"cause":[87],"model":[89,159,180,195],"be":[91],"too":[92],"generalized":[93],"unable":[95],"detect":[97],"specific":[98],"anomalies.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"a":[103,114,125,130,156,174,189],"new":[104],"method,":[108],"MemAe-gmm-ma,":[109],"proposed.":[111],"MemAe-gmm-ma":[112,164],"generates":[113],"low-dimensional":[115,150],"representation":[116],"reconstruction":[118],"error":[119],"for":[120,161],"each":[121],"input":[122],"sample":[123],"by":[124],"deep":[126],"auto-encoder.":[127],"It":[128],"adds":[129],"memory":[131],"module":[132],"inside":[133],"auto-encoder":[135],"better":[137,166],"learn":[138],"inner":[140],"meaning":[141],"training":[144],"samples,":[145],"finally":[147],"puts":[148],"information":[151],"samples":[154],"into":[155],"Gaussian":[157],"mixture":[158],"(GMM)":[160],"estimation.":[163],"demonstrates":[165],"performance":[167],"on":[168,184,199],"public":[170],"benchmark":[171],"dataset,":[172,187],"with":[173],"4.47%":[175],"improvement":[176,191],"over":[177,192],"MemAe":[179],"standard":[181,196],"F1":[182,197],"score":[183,198],"NSL-KDD":[186],"9.77%":[190],"CAE-GMM":[194],"CIC-IDS-2017":[201],"dataset.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}