{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3165559974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","title":"RBP: a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks","display_name":"RBP: a website fingerprinting obfuscation method against intelligent fingerprinting attacks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3165559974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","mag":"3165559974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101993537","display_name":"Tao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3488-5313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017914641","display_name":"Liangmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-5979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LiangMin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070031914","display_name":"Shang-Nan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1342-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ShangNan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040252877","display_name":"Hao Shentu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Shentu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034835385","display_name":"Hui Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-0499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101993537"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"apc_paid":{"value":990,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1214},"fwci":0.84,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7822466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8492781519889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.775584876537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7581441402435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/padding","display_name":"Padding","score":0.6728739142417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6084000468254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5084673166275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-analysis","display_name":"Traffic analysis","score":0.4784255623817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.46370819211006165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8492781519889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.775584876537323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7581441402435303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165435473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509884","display_name":"Padding","level":2,"score":0.6728739142417908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6084000468254089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5084673166275024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781317605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832483","display_name":"Traffic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4784255623817444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46370819211006165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eadfb9e1376647908166f9eabb032353","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eadfb9e1376647908166f9eabb032353","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing: Advances, Systems and Applications, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-14 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","pdf_url":"https://journalofcloudcomputing.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13677-021-00244-8","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2486819371","display_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing Advances Systems and Applications","issn_l":"2192-113X","issn":["2192-113X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cloud Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702356746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5429374620","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1736216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5770085382","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702230","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8222209850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant U1736216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3165559974.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3165559974.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529431313","https://openalex.org/W1567366855","https://openalex.org/W1608222975","https://openalex.org/W1655958391","https://openalex.org/W2012210084","https://openalex.org/W2021949962","https://openalex.org/W2027177092","https://openalex.org/W2120702739","https://openalex.org/W2149280729","https://openalex.org/W2272516773","https://openalex.org/W2280477936","https://openalex.org/W2371186109","https://openalex.org/W2396066572","https://openalex.org/W2485000773","https://openalex.org/W2752949934","https://openalex.org/W2783301790","https://openalex.org/W2963270948","https://openalex.org/W2963704216","https://openalex.org/W2989013751","https://openalex.org/W3003064026","https://openalex.org/W3018055328","https://openalex.org/W3026365289","https://openalex.org/W3103367901","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4386874645"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2398053789","https://openalex.org/W2002488634","https://openalex.org/W2590022098","https://openalex.org/W4290996806","https://openalex.org/W4387857432","https://openalex.org/W3206028689","https://openalex.org/W2054228499","https://openalex.org/W1998868562","https://openalex.org/W2121008215","https://openalex.org/W4282542922"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Edge":[1],"computing":[2],"has":[3],"developed":[4],"rapidly":[5],"in":[6,25,100,161,187],"recent":[7],"years":[8],"due":[9],"to":[10,48,71,77,154],"its":[11,192],"advantages":[12],"of":[13,69,74,81,95],"low":[14,18],"bandwidth":[15],"overhead":[16],"and":[17,28,51,64,142,165,190],"delay,":[19],"but":[20,103],"it":[21],"also":[22,106],"brings":[23],"challenges":[24],"data":[26],"security":[27],"privacy.":[29],"Website":[30],"fingerprinting":[31,118,123,135,185],"(WF)":[32],"is":[33,131],"a":[34,45,60,67,116,132],"passive":[35],"traffic":[36,163],"analysis":[37],"attack":[38],"that":[39],"threatens":[40],"website":[41,82,117,134,184],"privacy":[42,50],"which":[43,147],"poses":[44],"great":[46],"threat":[47],"user\u2019s":[49],"web":[52],"security.":[53],"It":[54,130],"collects":[55],"network":[56,75,101],"packets":[57,76,145,152,176],"generated":[58],"while":[59],"user":[61,83],"accesses":[62],"website,":[63],"then":[65],"uses":[66],"series":[68],"techniques":[70],"discover":[72],"patterns":[73],"infer":[78],"the":[79,93,150,156,162,167,170,180],"type":[80],"accesses.":[84],"Many":[85],"anonymous":[86],"networks":[87],"such":[88],"as":[89],"Tor":[90],"can":[91,148],"meet":[92],"need":[94],"hide":[96],"identity":[97],"from":[98],"users":[99],"activities,":[102],"they":[104],"are":[105],"threatened":[107],"by":[108],"WF":[109],"attacks.":[110],"In":[111],"this":[112],"paper,":[113],"we":[114],"propose":[115],"obfuscation":[119],"method":[120],"against":[121,182],"intelligent":[122],"attacks,":[124],"called":[125],"Random":[126],"Bidirectional":[127],"Padding":[128],"(RBP).":[129],"novel":[133],"defense":[136,181],"technology":[137],"based":[138],"on":[139],"time":[140],"sampling":[141],"random":[143,173],"bidirectional":[144,174],"padding,":[146],"covert":[149],"real":[151,188],"distribution":[153],"destroy":[155],"Inter-Arrival":[157],"Time":[158],"(IAT)":[159],"features":[160],"sequence":[164],"increase":[166],"difference":[168],"between":[169],"datasets":[171],"with":[172],"virtual":[175],"padding.":[177],"We":[178],"evaluate":[179],"state-of-the-art":[183],"attacks":[186],"scenarios,":[189],"show":[191],"effectiveness.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-23T07:41:27.035349","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
