{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2767090992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","title":"Behind the scenes: a cross-country study into third-party website referencing and the online advertising ecosystem","display_name":"Behind the scenes: a cross-country study into third-party website referencing and the online advertising ecosystem","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2767090992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","mag":"2767090992"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075453550","display_name":"Jason R. C. Nurse","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-1680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jason R. C. Nurse","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060039967","display_name":"Oliver Buckley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-5721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I933054736","display_name":"Defence Academy of the United Kingdom","ror":"https://ror.org/03myaza48","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306956679","https://openalex.org/I2802373619","https://openalex.org/I933054736"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Buckley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Electronic Warfare, Information & Cyber, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Electronic Warfare, Information & Cyber, Cranfield University, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom, Shrivenham, SN6 8LA, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825","https://openalex.org/I933054736"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075453550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":1870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1870},"apc_paid":{"value":1870,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1870},"fwci":2.6651,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9218076,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.5836641192436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.5472705364227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5382670164108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5086365938186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.4563371241092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.44261205196380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.39868900179862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39567768573760986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5836641192436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.5472705364227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5382670164108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5086365938186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.4563371241092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.44261205196380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39868900179862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39567768573760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:66145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66145/1/s13673_017_0121_6.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66145/1/s13673_017_0121_6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:75294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c5ffe9751618494eaed48bf295dc9cfe","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c5ffe9751618494eaed48bf295dc9cfe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Human-Centric Computing and Information Sciences, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/12775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:1ae75c2a-5856-4967-8920-e7bd2bbc5ebd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1ae75c2a-5856-4967-8920-e7bd2bbc5ebd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-017-0121-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1200299632","https://openalex.org/W1573053553","https://openalex.org/W1659880361","https://openalex.org/W1991246983","https://openalex.org/W2029987217","https://openalex.org/W2040048604","https://openalex.org/W2071207814","https://openalex.org/W2076328095","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2162765858","https://openalex.org/W2193112429","https://openalex.org/W2256284630","https://openalex.org/W2292805798","https://openalex.org/W2297075900","https://openalex.org/W2310762484","https://openalex.org/W2339322788","https://openalex.org/W2345091005","https://openalex.org/W2388964330","https://openalex.org/W2481510375","https://openalex.org/W2520877058","https://openalex.org/W2529444960","https://openalex.org/W3099358021","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W4295023194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W564884363","https://openalex.org/W2931289758","https://openalex.org/W560246231","https://openalex.org/W2998855893","https://openalex.org/W1975203281","https://openalex.org/W3179132218","https://openalex.org/W641341901","https://openalex.org/W1978006372","https://openalex.org/W170314190","https://openalex.org/W2292549960"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1],"ubiquitous":[2],"nature":[3],"of":[4,35,52,119,140,147,151,163,169,187,190,196,199],"the":[5,49,69,80,96,120,125,144,160,188,197,222],"Internet":[6],"provides":[7],"an":[8,117],"ideal":[9],"platform":[10],"for":[11,37,108,215],"human":[12],"communication,":[13],"trade,":[14],"information":[15,153],"sharing":[16],"and":[17,95,130,159,171,221],"learning.":[18],"Websites":[19],"play":[20],"a":[21,32,60,109,148,164,174],"central":[22],"role":[23],"in":[24,39,124,192,218],"these":[25,93],"activities":[26,200,220],"as":[27,31],"they":[28,99],"often":[29,75],"act":[30],"key":[33],"point":[34],"interaction":[36],"individuals":[38,182],"navigating":[40],"through":[41],"cyberspace.":[42],"In":[43,64],"this":[44],"article,":[45],"we":[46,66,177,212],"look":[47],"beyond":[48],"visual":[50],"interface":[51],"websites":[53],"to":[54,78,82,91,116],"consider":[55],"exactly":[56],"what":[57],"occurs":[58],"when":[59],"webpage":[61],"is":[62,90,114,206],"visited.":[63],"particular,":[65],"focus":[67],"on":[68],"various":[70,137],"web":[71],"scripts":[72],"that":[73,98,180,201],"are":[74,86,136],"programmatically":[76],"executed,":[77],"explore":[79],"extent":[81],"which":[83],"third-party":[84,152],"sites":[85,123],"referenced.":[87],"Our":[88],"aim":[89],"study":[92,113],"references":[94],"ecosystem":[97,150],"create.":[100],"To":[101],"gain":[102],"maximal":[103],"impact":[104],"while":[105,181],"also":[106,178],"allowing":[107],"cross-country":[110],"comparison,":[111],"our":[112,133],"scoped":[115],"assessment":[118],"top":[121],"250":[122],"UK,":[126],"USA,":[127],"Germany,":[128],"Russia":[129],"Japan.":[131],"From":[132],"analysis,":[134],"there":[135],"novel":[138],"contributions":[139],"note.":[141],"These":[142],"include":[143],"empirical":[145],"identification":[146],"vast":[149],"processing":[154],"sites,":[155],"especially":[156],"advertisement":[157,225],"networks,":[158],"evidential":[161],"discovery":[162],"few":[165],"significant":[166],"players":[167],"irrespective":[168],"country":[170],"locale.":[172],"Through":[173],"user":[175],"study,":[176],"find":[179],"do":[183],"have":[184],"some":[185],"knowledge":[186],"prevalence":[189],"advertisements":[191],"websites,":[193,205],"their":[194],"understanding":[195],"variety":[198],"occur":[202],"upon":[203],"visiting":[204],"not":[207],"widely":[208],"known.":[209],"Going":[210],"forward,":[211],"therefore":[213],"advocate":[214],"increased":[216],"transparency":[217],"such":[219],"wider":[223],"online":[224],"ecosystem.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
