{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2104983298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","title":"A low computational complexity V-BLAST/STBC detection mechanism in MIMO system","display_name":"A low computational complexity V-BLAST/STBC detection mechanism in MIMO system","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2104983298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","mag":"2104983298"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","pdf_url":"https://hcis-journal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://hcis-journal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068613560","display_name":"Jin Hui Chong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927443849","display_name":"Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03b3zvp63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Hui Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Computing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Computing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, 53300, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Computing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Computing, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, 53300, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112359087","display_name":"Chee Kyun Ng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chee Kyun Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Gerontology, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Gerontology, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032530233","display_name":"Nor Kamariah Noordin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-4862"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Kamariah Noordin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074359814","display_name":"Borhanuddin Mohd Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-3798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02e91jd64","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borhanuddin Mohd Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400 Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Communication Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112359087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0644,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81222154,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space\u2013time-block-code","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","score":0.7637361288070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.75927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7315832376480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.6600510478019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.6320596933364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6100878119468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.6076697707176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-gain","display_name":"Coding gain","score":0.5150801539421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4961341321468353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4612172544002533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.46116963028907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.42842721939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4240642189979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.42023012042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3387717306613922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.32676345109939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2980538606643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.2886444926261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20607414841651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.09181377291679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.07790935039520264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83487572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371792","display_name":"Space\u2013time block code","level":4,"score":0.7637361288070679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.75927734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7315832376480103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.6600510478019714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.6320596933364868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6100878119468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.6076697707176208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76862118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1105671","display_name":"Coding gain","level":3,"score":0.5150801539421082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4961341321468353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4612172544002533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.46116963028907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.42842721939086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4240642189979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.42023012042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3387717306613922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.32676345109939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2980538606643677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2886444926261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20607414841651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.09181377291679382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.07790935039520264}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","pdf_url":"https://hcis-journal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:psasir.upm.edu.my:36174","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2Fs13673-014-0002-1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196260","display_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository (Universiti Putra Malaysia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I130343225","host_organization_name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130343225"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","pdf_url":"https://hcis-journal.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13673-014-0002-1","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2497168432","display_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","issn_l":"2192-1962","issn":["2192-1962"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104983298.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2104983298.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508642566","https://openalex.org/W1509724310","https://openalex.org/W1552108359","https://openalex.org/W1667950888","https://openalex.org/W1764984001","https://openalex.org/W1963873507","https://openalex.org/W1989587990","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2011954229","https://openalex.org/W2022809146","https://openalex.org/W2028750499","https://openalex.org/W2061747215","https://openalex.org/W2097780353","https://openalex.org/W2107080958","https://openalex.org/W2110659753","https://openalex.org/W2114517312","https://openalex.org/W2115085201","https://openalex.org/W2115667691","https://openalex.org/W2117386602","https://openalex.org/W2118040894","https://openalex.org/W2129766733","https://openalex.org/W2130509920","https://openalex.org/W2146187685","https://openalex.org/W2149064573","https://openalex.org/W2159007257","https://openalex.org/W2160408276","https://openalex.org/W2161094289","https://openalex.org/W2167156994","https://openalex.org/W2168228964","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2912369344","https://openalex.org/W3128611524","https://openalex.org/W4246372467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967977214","https://openalex.org/W3141404938","https://openalex.org/W2122405317","https://openalex.org/W2366259970","https://openalex.org/W2104651922","https://openalex.org/W2171159645","https://openalex.org/W2118689580","https://openalex.org/W2954852692","https://openalex.org/W2121225302","https://openalex.org/W2534279604"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,45,149,267],"idea":[2],"of":[3,23,26,57,76,152,159,169,176,269,330],"multiple":[4,55,141],"antenna":[5,114],"arrays":[6,115],"has":[7,100,196],"evolved":[8],"into":[9],"multiple-input":[10],"multiple-output":[11],"(MIMO)":[12],"system,":[13],"which":[14],"provides":[15],"transmit":[16],"and":[17,38,66,97,120,135,143,189,206,218,290],"receive":[18],"diversities.":[19],"It":[20,293],"increases":[21,154,202],"robustness":[22],"the":[24,68,73,118,147,157,193,212,232,270,297,319,327],"effect":[25],"multipath":[27],"fading":[28,65],"in":[29,161,221,276,300],"wireless":[30],"channels,":[31],"besides":[32],"yielding":[33],"higher":[34,313],"capacity,":[35],"spectral":[36],"efficiency":[37],"better":[39,304],"bit":[40],"error":[41],"rate":[42],"(BER)":[43],"performance.":[44,71],"spatial":[46,105,124,170,177,187],"diversity":[47,171,190],"gain":[48,172,179],"is":[49,79,265,280,294,303,312,324,335],"obtained":[50],"by":[51],"transmitting":[52],"or":[53,180],"receiving":[54],"copies":[56],"a":[58,238,245],"signal":[59,98],"through":[60],"different":[61],"antennas":[62,142,160],"to":[63,103,122,174,185],"combat":[64],"improves":[67],"system":[69,78,204,310],"BER":[70,209,298],"However,":[72,215],"computational":[74,328],"complexity":[75,248,261,329],"MIMO":[77,203],"inevitably":[80],"increased.":[81],"Space-time":[82],"coding":[83],"(STC)":[84],"technique":[85],"such":[86,286],"as":[87,228,259,287],"Alamouti\u2019s":[88],"space-time":[89],"block":[90],"code":[91],"(STBC)":[92],"that":[93,130,167,296],"combines":[94],"coding,":[95],"modulation":[96],"processing":[99],"been":[101,197],"used":[102],"achieve":[104,123,186],"diversity.":[106],"Vertical":[107],"Bell":[108],"Laboratories":[109],"Layered":[110],"Space-Time":[111],"(V-BLAST)":[112],"uses":[113],"at":[116,146,211],"both":[117,132,216],"transmitter":[119],"receiver":[121],"multiplexing":[125,178,188],"gain.":[126],"Independent":[127],"data":[128],"streams":[129],"share":[131],"frequency":[133],"bands":[134],"time":[136],"slots":[137],"are":[138],"transmitted":[139],"from":[140],"jointly":[144],"detected":[145],"receiver.":[148],"theoretical":[150],"capacity":[151,205,311],"V-BLAST":[153,217,306],"linearly":[155],"with":[156,237,282],"number":[158],"rich":[162],"scattering":[163],"environments.":[164],"It's":[165],"well-known":[166],"maximization":[168],"leads":[173],"degradation":[175],"vice":[181],"versa.":[182],"In":[183,242],"order":[184],"gains":[191],"simultaneously,":[192],"V-BLAST/STBC":[194,252,277,301],"scheme":[195,201,253,279,302,307,317],"introduced.":[198],"This":[199],"hybrid":[200],"maintains":[207],"reliable":[208],"performance":[210,268,299],"same":[213],"time.":[214],"STBC":[219,316],"layers,":[220],"this":[222,243],"hybid":[223],"scheme,":[224],"assume":[225],"each":[226],"other":[227,283,339],"an":[229],"interferer.":[230],"Thus,":[231],"symbols":[233],"must":[234],"be":[235],"decoded":[236],"suitable":[239],"detection":[240,249,274,284,322,341],"mechanism.":[241],"paper,":[244],"new":[246],"low":[247,260],"mechanism":[250,275,323,334],"for":[251],"based":[254],"on":[255],"QR":[256,262,291],"decomposition,":[257,264],"denoted":[258],"(LC-QR)":[263],"presented.":[266],"proposed":[271,331],"LC-QR":[272,320,332],"decomposition":[273,321,333],"transceiver":[278],"compared":[281],"mechanisms":[285],"ZF,":[288],"MMSE":[289],"decomposition.":[292],"shown":[295],"than":[305,314,338],"while":[308],"its":[309],"orthogonal":[315],"when":[318],"exploited.":[325],"Moreover,":[326],"significantly":[336],"lower":[337],"abovementioned":[340],"mechanisms.":[342]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}