{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388048043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","title":"Robust steganography in practical communication: a comparative study","display_name":"Robust steganography in practical communication: a comparative study","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388048043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","pdf_url":"https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153767265","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","issn_l":"1687-5176","issn":["1687-5176","1687-5281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069460515","display_name":"Tong Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-2132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tong Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4912-2132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050142384","display_name":"Shengwang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3264-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengwang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080977915","display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4073-671X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005151695","display_name":"Xiaoshuai Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6241-3546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshuai Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461646","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3603-6617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117754","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023zynq23","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117754"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387152784","display_name":"Chinese Aeronautical Establishment","ror":"https://ror.org/01qwh7a74","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387152784"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Aeronautical Establishment, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Aeronautical Establishment, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117754","https://openalex.org/I4387152784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047378832","display_name":"Ning Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3503-8167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041210918","display_name":"Ming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9332-5258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051127314","display_name":"Binmin Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binmin Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069460515"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":{"value":1665,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1665},"apc_paid":{"value":1665,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1665},"fwci":0.8786,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72212083,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.8840649127960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8484138250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7202916145324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.6184629797935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography-tools","display_name":"Steganography tools","score":0.5364271998405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.4955495595932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"Social media","score":0.46139976382255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.439158171415329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3953416347503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38264527916908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3758091628551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09961727261543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.07066360116004944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.8840649127960205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8484138250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7202916145324707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.6184629797935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13179402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606662","display_name":"Steganography tools","level":4,"score":0.5364271998405457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.4955495595932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.46139976382255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.439158171415329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3953416347503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38264527916908264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3758091628551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09961727261543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.07066360116004944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","pdf_url":"https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153767265","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","issn_l":"1687-5176","issn":["1687-5176","1687-5281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16f6c2b28b094343a13aba4776fee215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16f6c2b28b094343a13aba4776fee215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing, Vol 2023, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","pdf_url":"https://jivp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13640-023-00615-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153767265","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","issn_l":"1687-5176","issn":["1687-5176","1687-5281"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8870229154","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u771f\u5b9e\u53d6\u8bc1\u573a\u666f\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u4f2a\u9020\u4eba\u8138\u9274\u522b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"LZ23F020006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4388048043.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22271197","https://openalex.org/W1604614341","https://openalex.org/W1663899164","https://openalex.org/W1912129610","https://openalex.org/W1955882805","https://openalex.org/W1973466159","https://openalex.org/W1976570511","https://openalex.org/W1980171342","https://openalex.org/W2010680383","https://openalex.org/W2049562124","https://openalex.org/W2071451750","https://openalex.org/W2081326826","https://openalex.org/W2096156898","https://openalex.org/W2104705565","https://openalex.org/W2119990839","https://openalex.org/W2123170991","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2134527668","https://openalex.org/W2139842737","https://openalex.org/W2465668359","https://openalex.org/W2519702959","https://openalex.org/W2542290803","https://openalex.org/W2547937061","https://openalex.org/W2623100815","https://openalex.org/W2781513756","https://openalex.org/W2794624153","https://openalex.org/W2901329636","https://openalex.org/W2901896043","https://openalex.org/W2905058180","https://openalex.org/W2911436056","https://openalex.org/W2953197802","https://openalex.org/W2960934316","https://openalex.org/W2981228172","https://openalex.org/W2983656740","https://openalex.org/W2997557485","https://openalex.org/W3018669404","https://openalex.org/W3089337021","https://openalex.org/W3130259306","https://openalex.org/W3174051263","https://openalex.org/W4211142182","https://openalex.org/W4214545643","https://openalex.org/W4288458148","https://openalex.org/W4306768864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154118756","https://openalex.org/W129330134","https://openalex.org/W1965991389","https://openalex.org/W2166431153","https://openalex.org/W2158736088","https://openalex.org/W1659544335","https://openalex.org/W2370747589","https://openalex.org/W1974279004","https://openalex.org/W2093508258","https://openalex.org/W2382132779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1],"realize":[2],"the":[3,16,32,59,74,107,111,116,137,148],"act":[4],"of":[5,34,90,110,141],"covert":[6],"communication":[7],"in":[8,43,115,132],"a":[9,23,70],"public":[10],"channel,":[11],"steganography":[12,21,37],"is":[13,38,64,113],"proposed.":[14],"In":[15,135],"current":[17,75],"study,":[18],"modern":[19,35],"adaptive":[20,36],"plays":[22],"dominant":[24],"role":[25],"due":[26],"to":[27,72,98],"its":[28],"high":[29],"undetectability.":[30],"However,":[31],"effectiveness":[33],"challenged":[39],"when":[40],"being":[41],"applied":[42],"practical":[44],"communication,":[45],"such":[46,119],"as":[47,99,120],"over":[48],"social":[49,149],"network.":[50],"Several":[51],"robust":[52],"steganographic":[53,77],"methods":[54,78,112,138],"have":[55],"been":[56,129],"proposed,":[57],"while":[58],"comparative":[60],"study":[61],"between":[62],"them":[63,91],"still":[65],"unknown.":[66],"Thus,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"framework":[71],"generalize":[73],"typical":[76],"resisting":[79],"against":[80],"compression":[81],"attack,":[82],"and":[83,88,103,124],"meanwhile":[84],"empirically":[85],"analyze":[86],"advantages":[87],"disadvantages":[89],"based":[92],"on":[93,121,147],"four":[94],"baseline":[95],"indicators,":[96],"referring":[97],"capacity,":[100],"imperceptibility,":[101],"undetectability,":[102],"robustness.":[104],"More":[105],"importantly,":[106],"robustness":[108],"performance":[109],"compared":[114],"real":[117],"application,":[118],"Facebook,":[122],"Twitter,":[123],"WeChat,":[125],"which":[126],"has":[127],"not":[128],"comprehensively":[130],"addressed":[131],"this":[133],"community.":[134],"particular,":[136],"modifying":[139],"sign":[140],"DCT":[142],"coefficients":[143],"perform":[144],"more":[145],"superiority":[146],"media":[150],"application.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}