{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387969556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","title":"A comprehensive study on the synchronization procedure in 5G NR with 3GPP-compliant link-level simulator","display_name":"A comprehensive study on the synchronization procedure in 5G NR with 3GPP-compliant link-level simulator","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387969556","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073409975","display_name":"Riccardo Tuninato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-7586"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Tuninato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), 43124, Parma, Italy","Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5685-7586","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), 43124, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065416140","display_name":"Daniel Gaetano Riviello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7714-9191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Gaetano Riviello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), 43124, Parma, Italy","Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering (DEI), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40136, Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7714-9191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), 43124, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering (DEI), Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, 40136, Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090719949","display_name":"Roberto Garello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-4648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177477856","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Garello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), 43124, Parma, Italy","Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-4648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), 43124, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Turin, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074468904","display_name":"Bruno Melis","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Melis","raw_affiliation_strings":["TIM S.p.A., 10148, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIM S.p.A., 10148, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087247022","display_name":"Roberto Fantini","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Fantini","raw_affiliation_strings":["TIM S.p.A., 10148, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIM S.p.A., 10148, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073409975"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177477856","https://openalex.org/I4210099310"],"apc_list":{"value":1665,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1665},"apc_paid":{"value":1665,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1665},"fwci":1.7268,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8546017,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9007863998413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.588881254196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5534204244613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5446493029594421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.5414590239524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-level","display_name":"Link level","score":0.5039450526237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.49287939071655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.46838998794555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.46522068977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-error-rate","display_name":"Block Error Rate","score":0.4631924033164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.43112266063690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.2729051113128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24467572569847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19204464554786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.07712331414222717}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9007863998413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.588881254196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5534204244613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5446493029594421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.5414590239524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779609627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554308","display_name":"Link level","level":2,"score":0.5039450526237488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.49287939071655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.46838998794555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.46522068977355957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776639698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927140","display_name":"Block Error Rate","level":3,"score":0.4631924033164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.43112266063690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2729051113128662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24467572569847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19204464554786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.07712331414222717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cris.unibo.it:11585/948869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402579","display_name":"Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Universit\u00e0 di Bologna)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210117483","host_organization_name":"Istituto di Ematologia di Bologna","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117483"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e9219bea512245f3bd544a663a239418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e9219bea512245f3bd544a663a239418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol 2023, Iss 1, Pp 1-29 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-023-02317-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313985","display_name":"Politecnico di Torino","ror":"https://ror.org/00bgk9508"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1971903277","https://openalex.org/W2039544061","https://openalex.org/W2095885304","https://openalex.org/W2107935100","https://openalex.org/W2134750166","https://openalex.org/W2149635323","https://openalex.org/W2150498905","https://openalex.org/W2167005403","https://openalex.org/W2612254130","https://openalex.org/W2887078529","https://openalex.org/W2908111164","https://openalex.org/W2922354315","https://openalex.org/W2934866582","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2986888534","https://openalex.org/W2999759127","https://openalex.org/W3029603806","https://openalex.org/W3037170119","https://openalex.org/W3037647439","https://openalex.org/W3094876914","https://openalex.org/W3120495025","https://openalex.org/W3200205014","https://openalex.org/W4205670411","https://openalex.org/W4210340876","https://openalex.org/W4214950571","https://openalex.org/W4252163286","https://openalex.org/W4312601533","https://openalex.org/W4316039028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355410874","https://openalex.org/W2381536890","https://openalex.org/W2566723838","https://openalex.org/W3199890592","https://openalex.org/W2022761772","https://openalex.org/W2543647513","https://openalex.org/W2290829029","https://openalex.org/W1570176625","https://openalex.org/W800952936","https://openalex.org/W2058127325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,94,141],"5G":[2,70,175,201],"New":[3,71],"Radio":[4],"synchronization":[5,32,57],"procedure":[6,58],"is":[7,49,77,124],"the":[8,12,18,25,28,39,42,56,66,78,84,87,91,104,117,120,130,144,155,171,178,192],"first":[9],"step":[10],"that":[11,126],"user":[13],"must":[14],"complete":[15],"to":[16,50,133,153,164,188],"access":[17],"mobile":[19],"network.":[20],"It":[21],"mainly":[22],"consists":[23],"of":[24,27,41,55,68,80,100,112,143,200],"detection":[26,101,156],"primary":[29],"and":[30,35,38,59,63,90,106,109,158],"secondary":[31],"signals":[33],"(PSS":[34],"SSS,":[36],"respectively)":[37],"decoding":[40],"physical":[43],"broadcast":[44],"channel":[45],"(PBCH).":[46],"Our":[47],"goal":[48],"provide":[51],"a":[52,69],"comprehensive":[53],"study":[54],"investigate":[60],"different":[61,159],"techniques":[62],"approaches,":[64],"through":[65,197],"implementation":[67],"Radio-compliant":[72],"simulator.":[73],"Of":[74],"significant":[75],"interest":[76],"investigation":[79],"impairments":[81],"such":[82],"as":[83],"fading":[85],"channel,":[86],"frequency":[88,139,189],"offset,":[89],"delay":[92,168],"spread.":[93,169],"results":[95],"are":[96,185,195],"provided":[97],"in":[98,110],"terms":[99,111],"probability":[102],"for":[103,116,129,147,174],"PSS":[105,131],"SSS":[107,148],"detection,":[108],"block":[113],"error":[114],"rate":[115],"PBCH.":[118],"From":[119],"data":[121],"collected,":[122],"there":[123],"evidence":[125],"choosing":[127],"M-sequences":[128],"leads":[132],"an":[134],"appreciably":[135],"robust":[136],"solution":[137],"against":[138,167],"offset.":[140,190],"structure":[142],"Gold":[145],"sequences":[146],"generation":[149],"can":[150,161],"be":[151,162],"exploited":[152],"reduce":[154],"complexity,":[157],"approaches":[160],"chosen":[163],"improve":[165],"reliability":[166],"Moreover,":[170],"polar":[172],"coding":[173,181],"PBCH":[176],"outperforms":[177],"former":[179],"4G":[180],"technique,":[182],"but":[183],"they":[184],"still":[186],"sensible":[187],"Finally,":[191],"simulator":[193],"functionalities":[194],"validated":[196],"real":[198],"captures":[199],"signals.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2023-10-28T00:00:00"}