{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316814881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","title":"Secure spatial modulation based on two-dimensional generalized weighted fractional Fourier transform encryption","display_name":"Secure spatial modulation based on two-dimensional generalized weighted fractional Fourier transform encryption","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316814881","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003037956","display_name":"Yongxin Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164386","display_name":"Hebei Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/05k812a28","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164386"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164386","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083179738","display_name":"Xuejun Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6204-0839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuejun Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060865895","display_name":"Xiaojie Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3337-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164386","display_name":"Hebei Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/05k812a28","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164386"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3337-2241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164386","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049566038","display_name":"Ge Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-2758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ge Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060865895"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213","https://openalex.org/I4210101396","https://openalex.org/I4210164386"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":0.3484,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54873121,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2023","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8312159776687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.6365097761154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5363489389419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.4717479646205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.4603095054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","score":0.44853925704956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.4404098093509674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4129258990287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.35010194778442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.32300734519958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.238726407289505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.22324323654174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17090031504631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13736003637313843}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8312159776687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6365097761154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5363489389419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.4717479646205902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.4603095054626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817582","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.44853925704956055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.4404098093509674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4129258990287781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.35010194778442383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.32300734519958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.238726407289505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.22324323654174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17090031504631042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13736003637313843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34952f0e34eb447ab09160a03c75ab2d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34952f0e34eb447ab09160a03c75ab2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol 2023, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2023)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13638-022-02206-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1284089183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YQ2021F003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1993330291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335774","funder_display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4489822130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5392578611","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2902404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5449968737","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6212677711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6354189202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7166655543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8570870459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HIT.OCEF.2021012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335774","display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316814881.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4316814881.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484796440","https://openalex.org/W1513899341","https://openalex.org/W1919042217","https://openalex.org/W1971549192","https://openalex.org/W1973027670","https://openalex.org/W1976071028","https://openalex.org/W2015105729","https://openalex.org/W2043769961","https://openalex.org/W2044592986","https://openalex.org/W2072202056","https://openalex.org/W2074001190","https://openalex.org/W2091729149","https://openalex.org/W2102187818","https://openalex.org/W2106833918","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2125687794","https://openalex.org/W2128153585","https://openalex.org/W2153412006","https://openalex.org/W2171006634","https://openalex.org/W2291847599","https://openalex.org/W2329336900","https://openalex.org/W2344065342","https://openalex.org/W2509004749","https://openalex.org/W2585026988","https://openalex.org/W2621968521","https://openalex.org/W2777181562","https://openalex.org/W2797005565","https://openalex.org/W2801689992","https://openalex.org/W2896288600","https://openalex.org/W2906634062","https://openalex.org/W2963666666","https://openalex.org/W2963969247","https://openalex.org/W2967282136","https://openalex.org/W2978556576","https://openalex.org/W3013442499","https://openalex.org/W3189777649","https://openalex.org/W3200509761","https://openalex.org/W3209872391","https://openalex.org/W4256217385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2972424885","https://openalex.org/W2104478100","https://openalex.org/W2107866095","https://openalex.org/W1680452241","https://openalex.org/W4390240227","https://openalex.org/W2097805107","https://openalex.org/W2051457655","https://openalex.org/W2561179371","https://openalex.org/W3036307543","https://openalex.org/W3092569272"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,45,59],"this":[2],"paper,":[3],"a":[4,116,183],"two-dimensional":[5],"generalized":[6],"weighted":[7],"fractional":[8],"Fourier":[9],"transform":[10],"(2DGWFRFT)":[11],"and":[12,93,159,170,198],"constellation":[13,145],"scrambling":[14],"(CS)-based":[15],"secure":[16],"spatial":[17],"modulation":[18,85],"(SM)":[19],"scheme,":[20],"called":[21],"2DGWFRFT-CS-SM,":[22],"is":[23,40,50],"proposed":[24,38,111,165,179],"to":[25,77,104,121,149],"enhance":[26,79],"the":[27,33,46,53,60,63,69,73,80,83,88,94,98,106,110,123,129,134,139,144,156,160,178],"physical":[28],"layer":[29],"security":[30,54,81,107],"(PLS)":[31],"of":[32,65,82,109,136,141,163,201],"wireless":[34],"communication":[35],"system.":[36],"The":[37],"scheme":[39,166,180],"executed":[41],"by":[42],"two":[43],"steps.":[44],"first":[47],"step,":[48,62],"2DGWFRFT":[49,89],"implemented":[51],"as":[52,68],"kernel":[55],"for":[56],"PLS":[57],"provision.":[58],"second":[61],"parameters":[64],"2DGWFRFT,":[66],"regarded":[67],"encryption":[70,153],"core,":[71],"control":[72],"antenna":[74,130],"number":[75],"rotation":[76],"further":[78],"SM":[84,95],"symbol.":[86],"Both":[87],"signal":[90,137],"generation":[91],"strategy":[92],"system":[96],"including":[97],"transfer":[99],"process":[100],"have":[101],"been":[102,147],"elaborated":[103],"depict":[105],"mechanism":[108],"scheme.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"we":[114],"give":[115],"key":[117],"extraction":[118],"algorithm":[119],"utilized":[120],"generate":[122],"parameters,":[124],"which":[125],"can":[126,181],"help":[127],"scramble":[128],"serial":[131],"number.":[132],"From":[133],"perspective":[135],"characteristics,":[138],"uniqueness":[140],"variation":[142],"in":[143],"has":[146],"investigated":[148],"outperform":[150],"other":[151],"cryptography-based":[152],"algorithms.":[154],"Finally,":[155],"secrecy":[157,186],"rates":[158],"energy":[161],"efficiency":[162],"our":[164],"are":[167],"theoretically":[168],"analyzed":[169],"evaluated":[171],"via":[172],"Monte":[173],"Carlo":[174],"simulations,":[175],"demonstrating":[176],"that":[177],"achieve":[182],"much":[184],"higher":[185],"capacity":[187],"than":[188],"artificial":[189],"noise":[190],"schemes":[191],"without":[192],"requiring":[193],"additional":[194],"jamming":[195],"power":[196],"consumption":[197],"myriad":[199],"costs":[200],"hardware.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T06:14:20.161405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}