{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3159175466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","title":"A cooperative DDoS attack detection scheme based on entropy and ensemble learning in SDN","display_name":"A cooperative DDoS attack detection scheme based on entropy and ensemble learning in SDN","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3159175466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","mag":"3159175466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076369459","display_name":"Shanshan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-8448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729896","display_name":"Jicheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4295-2950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091137","display_name":"NetEase (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00fp6fj05","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jicheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["NetEase D&R Center Lab, Hangzhou, China","School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NetEase D&R Center Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091137"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100763011","display_name":"Ju Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3160-9233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100434637","display_name":"Xiaoqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-2265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112860781","display_name":"Yafeng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yafeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076522052","display_name":"Tianfeng Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianfeng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076369459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":5.4063,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95786022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2021","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8960830569267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.8896087408065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-control-message-protocol","display_name":"Internet Control Message Protocol","score":0.610029935836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.4417426288127899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.4230929911136627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.41884616017341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.4170500636100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38990944623947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.387576699256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3063529431819916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13320112228393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.11690056324005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.11553511023521423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8960830569267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.8896087408065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195219913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13162","display_name":"Internet Control Message Protocol","level":3,"score":0.610029935836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.4417426288127899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.4230929911136627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.41884616017341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.4170500636100769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38990944623947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.387576699256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3063529431819916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13320112228393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.11690056324005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.11553511023521423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a736eb0a54374e239072e6aae7b8a272","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a736eb0a54374e239072e6aae7b8a272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol 2021, Iss 1, Pp 1-21 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-021-01957-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5249178904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No. 6","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5848258319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0 and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6119192023","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0803400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6300838865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFC0803400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7726157001","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant No.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8300501349","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071275","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159175466.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3159175466.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970359105","https://openalex.org/W2255736420","https://openalex.org/W2276629685","https://openalex.org/W2380059575","https://openalex.org/W2514791705","https://openalex.org/W2548716141","https://openalex.org/W2575772514","https://openalex.org/W2604745127","https://openalex.org/W2746722496","https://openalex.org/W2775132284","https://openalex.org/W2789780249","https://openalex.org/W2859928566","https://openalex.org/W2889109290","https://openalex.org/W2889592383","https://openalex.org/W2899310174","https://openalex.org/W2911803790","https://openalex.org/W2912370732","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2912944969","https://openalex.org/W2934782755","https://openalex.org/W2963129815","https://openalex.org/W2973080612","https://openalex.org/W2985572930","https://openalex.org/W2990692206","https://openalex.org/W2998008813","https://openalex.org/W3006144347","https://openalex.org/W3006251424","https://openalex.org/W3008535060","https://openalex.org/W3021973688","https://openalex.org/W3042433202","https://openalex.org/W4244657151","https://openalex.org/W6600408051","https://openalex.org/W6600461263","https://openalex.org/W6600829110","https://openalex.org/W6601215536","https://openalex.org/W6610874277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2376613537","https://openalex.org/W2767068794","https://openalex.org/W2735897973","https://openalex.org/W3076649823","https://openalex.org/W4229489764","https://openalex.org/W3114854705","https://openalex.org/W3195575042","https://openalex.org/W1543555101","https://openalex.org/W2898113880","https://openalex.org/W2793567886"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,91],"order":[2],"to":[3,48,58,85,111,122],"solve":[4],"the":[5,45,50,59,76,94,105,115,119,123,140,150,155,158,163,167],"problem":[6],"of":[7,10,98,108,114,129,157,166],"distributed":[8],"denial":[9],"service":[11],"(DDoS)":[12],"attack":[13,23,70,133],"detection":[14,24,39,71,116,164],"in":[15,44,53,75],"software-defined":[16],"network,":[17],"we":[18],"proposed":[19],"a":[20,36,67,79],"cooperative":[21],"DDoS":[22,132,145],"scheme":[25],"based":[26,41],"on":[27,42],"entropy":[28,43],"and":[29,56,78,136,147,154],"ensemble":[30,80],"learning.":[31],"This":[32],"method":[33],"sets":[34],"up":[35],"coarse-grained":[37],"preliminary":[38],"module":[40,72],"edge":[46,99,109],"switch":[47],"monitor":[49],"network":[51],"status":[52],"real":[54],"time":[55],"report":[57],"controller":[60,159],"if":[61],"any":[62],"abnormality":[63],"is":[64,73,83,101],"found.":[65],"Simultaneously,":[66],"fine-grained":[68],"precise":[69],"designed":[74],"controller,":[77],"learning-based":[81],"algorithm":[82],"utilized":[84,103],"further":[86],"identify":[87],"abnormal":[88],"traffic":[89],"accurately.":[90],"this":[92],"framework,":[93],"idle":[95],"computing":[96,110],"capability":[97],"switches":[100],"fully":[102],"with":[104],"design":[106],"idea":[107],"offload":[112],"part":[113],"task":[117],"from":[118],"control":[120],"plane":[121,125],"data":[124],"innovatively.":[126],"Simulation":[127],"results":[128],"two":[130],"common":[131],"methods,":[134],"ICMP":[135],"SYN,":[137],"show":[138],"that":[139],"system":[141],"can":[142],"effectively":[143],"detect":[144],"attacks":[146],"greatly":[148],"reduce":[149],"southbound":[151],"communication":[152],"overhead":[153],"burden":[156],"as":[160,162],"well":[161],"delay":[165],"attacks.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}