{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2965854714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","title":"TIHOO: An Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks","display_name":"TIHOO: An Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2965854714","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","mag":"2965854714"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062551574","display_name":"Shirin Rahnamaei Yahiabadi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirin Rahnamaei Yahiabadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000877756","display_name":"Behrang Barekatain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5344-6282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9256017","display_name":"Islamic Azad University of Najafabad","ror":"https://ror.org/015j7c446","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110525433","https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Behrang Barekatain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Research Center, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042529202","display_name":"Kaamran Raahemifar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9835-7897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47818738","display_name":"Sultan Qaboos University","ror":"https://ror.org/04wq8zb47","country_code":"OM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}],"countries":["CA","OM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaamran Raahemifar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Toronto, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 31, Al-Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman","Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Toronto, Canada","Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Sultanate of Oman"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Toronto, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box: 31, Al-Khoud, 123, Sultanate of Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Toronto, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Sultanate of Oman","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47818738"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000877756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9256017"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":3.0119,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91737578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8892267942428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.74040687084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.5555376410484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuckoo-search","display_name":"Cuckoo search","score":0.5150837302207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.47686728835105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.47021058201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","score":0.45351284742355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimized-link-state-routing-protocol","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","score":0.45065662264823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-source-routing","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","score":0.42640042304992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.41781073808670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-routing-protocol","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","score":0.41744911670684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.403553307056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07140973210334778}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8892267942428589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.74040687084198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.5555376410484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117241572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5192379","display_name":"Cuckoo search","level":3,"score":0.5150837302207947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.47686728835105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47021058201789856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89305328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755411","display_name":"Link-state routing protocol","level":4,"score":0.45351284742355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204739117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368373","display_name":"Optimized Link State Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.45065662264823914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9659607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268903","display_name":"Dynamic Source Routing","level":4,"score":0.42640042304992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.41781073808670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47318570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8026863","display_name":"Wireless Routing Protocol","level":4,"score":0.41744911670684814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.403553307056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07140973210334778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b13ea4beaaa54c82b681450924550604","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b13ea4beaaa54c82b681450924550604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol 2019, Iss 1, Pp 1-19 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1503-4","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965854714.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2965854714.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495645122","https://openalex.org/W1496934729","https://openalex.org/W1564002386","https://openalex.org/W1571890950","https://openalex.org/W1938147796","https://openalex.org/W1969712591","https://openalex.org/W1976032477","https://openalex.org/W1976744965","https://openalex.org/W1982886567","https://openalex.org/W1989458495","https://openalex.org/W1993344872","https://openalex.org/W2003890325","https://openalex.org/W2015543211","https://openalex.org/W2022962748","https://openalex.org/W2039473801","https://openalex.org/W2042791297","https://openalex.org/W2049020752","https://openalex.org/W2051480854","https://openalex.org/W2057374123","https://openalex.org/W2086148795","https://openalex.org/W2098422136","https://openalex.org/W2099574482","https://openalex.org/W2109094293","https://openalex.org/W2120451540","https://openalex.org/W2121542962","https://openalex.org/W2126207612","https://openalex.org/W2135874556","https://openalex.org/W2143796434","https://openalex.org/W2246117442","https://openalex.org/W2276481867","https://openalex.org/W2292559094","https://openalex.org/W2515314241","https://openalex.org/W2515950646","https://openalex.org/W2533057349","https://openalex.org/W2551764631","https://openalex.org/W2562324394","https://openalex.org/W2579196098","https://openalex.org/W2593263559","https://openalex.org/W2604366761","https://openalex.org/W2742687057","https://openalex.org/W2752119259","https://openalex.org/W2884922022","https://openalex.org/W2891208181","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4237533755","https://openalex.org/W4253563357","https://openalex.org/W4299539883","https://openalex.org/W6600738943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416817414","https://openalex.org/W2144907052","https://openalex.org/W2055056424","https://openalex.org/W2533666456","https://openalex.org/W2981810733","https://openalex.org/W1977001600","https://openalex.org/W1720399099","https://openalex.org/W2139978795","https://openalex.org/W2799855775","https://openalex.org/W998025572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"vehicular":[1],"ad":[2],"hoc":[3],"network":[4,181],"(VANET)":[5],"is":[6,104,140],"greatly":[7],"considered":[8],"by":[9,113,164],"many":[10],"service":[11],"providers":[12],"in":[13,51,128,148],"urban":[14],"environments.":[15],"These":[16],"networks":[17],"can":[18,58,123],"not":[19],"only":[20],"improve":[21],"road":[22],"safety":[23],"and":[24,82,94,158,191],"prevent":[25],"accidents,":[26],"but":[27],"also":[28],"provide":[29],"a":[30,47,92,95],"means":[31],"of":[32,130,142],"entertainment":[33],"for":[34],"passengers.":[35],"However,":[36],"according":[37],"to":[38,85,195],"recent":[39],"studies,":[40],"efficient":[41],"routing":[42,62,76,183,197],"has":[43],"still":[44],"remained":[45],"as":[46],"big":[48],"open":[49],"issue":[50],"VANETs.":[52],"In":[53,98],"other":[54],"words,":[55],"broadcast":[56],"storm":[57],"considerably":[59,179],"degrade":[60],"the":[61,87,100,108,115,119,135,143,149,155],"performance.":[63],"To":[64],"address":[65],"this":[66,68],"problem,":[67],"research":[69],"proposes":[70],"TIHOO,":[71,99],"an":[72,131,166],"enhanced":[73,167],"intelligent":[74,132],"hybrid":[75,133],"protocol":[77],"based":[78],"on":[79],"improved":[80,136],"fuzzy":[81,109],"cuckoo":[83,137],"approaches":[84],"find":[86],"most":[88,144,156],"stable":[89,157],"path":[90],"between":[91],"source":[93],"destination":[96],"node.":[97],"route":[101,116,160],"discovery":[102],"phase":[103],"limited":[105],"intelligently":[106,153],"using":[107,173],"logic":[110],"system":[111],"and,":[112],"limiting":[114],"request":[117],"messages,":[118],"imposed":[120],"extra":[121],"overhead":[122],"be":[124],"efficiently":[125],"controlled.":[126],"Moreover,":[127],"figure":[129],"approach,":[134],"algorithm,":[138],"which":[139],"one":[141],"effective":[145],"meta-algorithms":[146],"especially":[147],"large":[150],"search":[151],"space,":[152],"selects":[154],"optimal":[159],"among":[161],"known":[162],"routes":[163],"calculating":[165],"fitness":[168],"function.":[169],"The":[170],"simulation":[171],"results":[172],"NS2":[174],"tool":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"that":[177],"TIHOO":[178],"improves":[180],"throughput,":[182],"overhead,":[184],"packet":[185,188],"delivery":[186],"ratio,":[187,190],"loss":[189],"end-to-end":[192],"delay":[193],"compared":[194],"similar":[196],"protocols.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}