{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2954857446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x","title":"System design of the physical layer for Loon\u2019s high-altitude platform","display_name":"System design of the physical layer for Loon\u2019s high-altitude platform","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2954857446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x","mag":"2954857446"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051815125","display_name":"Sharath Ananth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0036-5424"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharath Ananth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069935758","display_name":"Ben Wojtowicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Wojtowicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111836795","display_name":"Alfred Cohen","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010630182","display_name":"Nidhi Gulia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nidhi Gulia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047224699","display_name":"Arunoday Bhattacharya","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arunoday Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054014867","display_name":"Brian F. Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5521-1960"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loon LLC, 100 Mayfield Ave, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051815125"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":17.7096,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98547991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12719","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enodeb","display_name":"EnodeB","score":0.8633207082748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7327104210853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.548796534538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5020124912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.48642420768737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-equipment","display_name":"User equipment","score":0.4661124348640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.45060256123542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1479291021823883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776384992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5379353","display_name":"EnodeB","level":4,"score":0.8633207082748413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7327104210853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.548796534538269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5020124912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.48642420768737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.4661124348640442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.45060256123542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1479291021823883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:df6b5b00e3fd436e97db52b49c74d058","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/df6b5b00e3fd436e97db52b49c74d058","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol 2019, Iss 1, Pp 1-17 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1461-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.5}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954857446.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2954857446.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484006439","https://openalex.org/W1603189576","https://openalex.org/W1609183818","https://openalex.org/W2001461483","https://openalex.org/W2007083670","https://openalex.org/W2008745499","https://openalex.org/W2021955040","https://openalex.org/W2032978198","https://openalex.org/W2033612831","https://openalex.org/W2038580556","https://openalex.org/W2040622371","https://openalex.org/W2054468899","https://openalex.org/W2061296282","https://openalex.org/W2072167818","https://openalex.org/W2077019386","https://openalex.org/W2097519547","https://openalex.org/W2107730188","https://openalex.org/W2115340591","https://openalex.org/W2129373899","https://openalex.org/W2133077589","https://openalex.org/W2135496447","https://openalex.org/W2135539257","https://openalex.org/W2136513415","https://openalex.org/W2138876182","https://openalex.org/W2152729024","https://openalex.org/W2156186141","https://openalex.org/W2159479635","https://openalex.org/W2165927302","https://openalex.org/W2167156358","https://openalex.org/W2169708270","https://openalex.org/W2170503498","https://openalex.org/W2181561351","https://openalex.org/W2498459798","https://openalex.org/W2506478151","https://openalex.org/W2560796106","https://openalex.org/W2593968278","https://openalex.org/W2596621252","https://openalex.org/W2758503217","https://openalex.org/W4205393804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1564794196","https://openalex.org/W2029208489","https://openalex.org/W2350886130","https://openalex.org/W2307834295","https://openalex.org/W2563655269","https://openalex.org/W2211930691","https://openalex.org/W3013726042","https://openalex.org/W3012374916","https://openalex.org/W2073328971","https://openalex.org/W2073839497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"several":[3,129],"aspects":[4],"of":[5,14,84,106,112,144],"the":[6,11,37,44,51,63,73,80,82,113],"physical":[7],"layer":[8],"and":[9,57,109,132],"over":[10],"air":[12],"interface":[13],"Loon.":[15],"Loon":[16,45],"utilizes":[17],"stratospheric":[18],"balloon-based":[19],"high-altitude":[20],"platforms":[21],"(HAPs)":[22],"that":[23],"use":[24,83],"Long-Term":[25],"Evolution":[26],"(LTE)":[27],"to":[28,36,72,87,93],"connect":[29],"people":[30],"with":[31,59,122,135],"standard":[32],"User":[33],"Equipment":[34],"(UEs)":[35],"Internet.":[38],"In":[39,101],"particular,":[40],"topics":[41],"covered":[42],"include":[43],"prototype":[46],"eNodeB":[47],"(eNB)":[48],"antenna":[49],"pattern,":[50],"observed":[52],"channel,":[53],"UE":[54,117],"battery":[55,118],"life,":[56],"coexistence":[58,108],"terrestrial":[60,107],"networks":[61],"using":[62],"same":[64],"spectrum.":[65],"While":[66],"channel":[67],"models":[68],"from":[69,128,133],"a":[70,103,141],"HAP":[71],"ground":[74],"have":[75],"been":[76],"well":[77],"studied":[78],"in":[79],"past,":[81],"polarization":[85,136],"diversity":[86,137],"establish":[88],"Multi-Input":[89],"Multi-Output":[90],"(MIMO)":[91],"communication":[92],"real":[94],"UEs":[95],"below":[96],"1":[97],"GHz":[98],"has":[99],"not.":[100],"addition,":[102],"theoretical":[104],"analysis":[105,111],"an":[110],"estimated":[114],"impact":[115],"on":[116],"life":[119],"when":[120],"communicating":[121],"HAPs":[123],"are":[124,138],"presented.":[125],"Finally,":[126],"results":[127],"measurement":[130],"campaigns":[131],"experiments":[134],"presented":[139],"as":[140],"spot":[142],"check":[143],"theory.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-17T09:09:15.849793","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
