{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2921145117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","title":"WiFi/PDR-integrated indoor localization using unconstrained smartphones","display_name":"WiFi/PDR-integrated indoor localization using unconstrained smartphones","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2921145117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","mag":"2921145117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102897602","display_name":"Jianguo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-8471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianguo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, 210039, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanjing Research Institute of Electronics Technology, Nanjing, 210039, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010431807","display_name":"Zhenyu Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1098-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43313876","display_name":"Dalian Maritime University","ror":"https://ror.org/002b7nr53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43313876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352249","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6035-6055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065011438","display_name":"Zhian Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1200-8697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhian Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010431807","https://openalex.org/A5100352249"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992","https://openalex.org/I43313876"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":3.5103,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":43,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93106343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8624604940414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heading","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","score":0.6688967347145081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6217612028121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5467891693115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.513247013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5088019967079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dead-reckoning","display_name":"Dead reckoning","score":0.48334404826164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44219350814819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4280601441860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.4143106937408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.33165454864501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.20603513717651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11227858066558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07493704557418823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8624604940414429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776937971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4384217","display_name":"Heading (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.6688967347145081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6217612028121948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5467891693115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.513247013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5088019967079163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106165642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152255","display_name":"Dead reckoning","level":3,"score":0.48334404826164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44219350814819336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4280601441860199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.4143106937408447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.33165454864501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.20603513717651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11227858066558838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07493704557418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:26d483fbee334366a0c8cbb2a6c34641","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/26d483fbee334366a0c8cbb2a6c34641","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, Vol 2019, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","pdf_url":"https://jwcn-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13638-019-1365-9","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S82675988","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","issn_l":"1687-1472","issn":["1687-1472","1687-1499"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5032537288","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"3132016347","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5129458004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6579322289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61301131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8825946562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61601221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921145117.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2921145117.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531532259","https://openalex.org/W1956618308","https://openalex.org/W2011224697","https://openalex.org/W2018586505","https://openalex.org/W2022203402","https://openalex.org/W2044239472","https://openalex.org/W2070027626","https://openalex.org/W2076250352","https://openalex.org/W2100045669","https://openalex.org/W2108512685","https://openalex.org/W2114182580","https://openalex.org/W2116070975","https://openalex.org/W2120824934","https://openalex.org/W2129793335","https://openalex.org/W2129905273","https://openalex.org/W2141263318","https://openalex.org/W2144723957","https://openalex.org/W2146521180","https://openalex.org/W2161872204","https://openalex.org/W2176907752","https://openalex.org/W2189789452","https://openalex.org/W2219134023","https://openalex.org/W2244101296","https://openalex.org/W2273410772","https://openalex.org/W2304781496","https://openalex.org/W2319208717","https://openalex.org/W2377071437","https://openalex.org/W2551240701","https://openalex.org/W2570256512","https://openalex.org/W2760385851","https://openalex.org/W2804803674","https://openalex.org/W2966003224","https://openalex.org/W3143444733","https://openalex.org/W6822170152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244052565","https://openalex.org/W2358719579","https://openalex.org/W2769521921","https://openalex.org/W2918704254","https://openalex.org/W4285223350","https://openalex.org/W2800933538","https://openalex.org/W4387486853","https://openalex.org/W3017998757","https://openalex.org/W2170192019","https://openalex.org/W2311580893"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,107],"propose":[4,108],"a":[5,74,109],"WiFi/pedestrian":[6],"dead":[7],"reckoning":[8],"(PDR)-integrated":[9],"localization":[10,22,69,127,138],"approach":[11,128],"based":[12,115],"on":[13,116],"unscented":[14],"Kalman":[15],"filters":[16],"(UKF).":[17],"The":[18],"UKF":[19,81],"integrating":[20],"WiFi":[21,68],"with":[23],"PDR":[24,51],"is":[25,82],"used":[26,83],"for":[27,84],"ultimate":[28],"location":[29],"estimation.":[30],"Instead":[31],"of":[32,46,92,105,135],"setting":[33],"process":[34],"and":[35,103,137],"measurement":[36,64],"noise-related":[37],"parameters":[38],"empirically":[39],"as":[40],"previous":[41],"works,":[42],"the":[43,63,99,124],"error":[44],"covariance":[45],"user":[47,89],"heading":[48,90],"estimation":[49,91],"in":[50,67,88,95,133],"state":[52],"model":[53],"can":[54],"be":[55],"accurately":[56],"estimated":[57,71],"by":[58,72],"developing":[59],"another":[60],"UKF,":[61],"while":[62],"noise":[65],"statistics":[66],"are":[70],"deploying":[73],"kernel":[75],"density":[76],"estimation-based":[77],"model.":[78],"Another":[79],"developed":[80],"device":[85],"attitude":[86],"tracking":[87],"PDR.":[93],"Besides,":[94],"order":[96],"to":[97],"adapt":[98],"unconstrained":[100],"carrying":[101,111],"positions":[102],"orientations":[104],"smartphones,":[106],"robust":[110],"position":[112],"recognition":[113],"method":[114],"orientation":[117],"invariant":[118],"features.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"results":[121],"show":[122],"that":[123],"proposed":[125],"WiFi/PDR-integrated":[126],"may":[129],"improve":[130],"traditional":[131],"approaches":[132],"terms":[134],"reliability":[136],"accuracy.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}