{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3107727058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","title":"A simulation study on optimal scores for speaker recognition","display_name":"A simulation study on optimal scores for speaker recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3107727058","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","mag":"3107727058"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","pdf_url":"https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19605986","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio Speech and Music Processing","issn_l":"1687-4714","issn":["1687-4714","1687-4722"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391494","display_name":"Dong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6992-7950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Speech and Language Technologies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Speech and Language Technologies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100391494"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1115,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1367},"apc_paid":{"value":1115,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1367},"fwci":1.2241,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8459538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7831615209579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-recognition","display_name":"Speaker recognition","score":0.6816936731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5864802598953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-verification","display_name":"Speaker verification","score":0.5043665170669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4949111342430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4739135503768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.4731391966342926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaker-identification","display_name":"Speaker identification","score":0.439893513917923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.4355073571205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41573068499565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36326277256011963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7831615209579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133892786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker recognition","level":2,"score":0.6816936731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5864802598953247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982762665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker verification","level":3,"score":0.5043665170669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4949111342430115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4739135503768921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.4731391966342926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986627078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1145189","display_name":"Speaker identification","level":3,"score":0.439893513917923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.4355073571205139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41573068499565125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36326277256011963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","pdf_url":"https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19605986","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio Speech and Music Processing","issn_l":"1687-4714","issn":["1687-4714","1687-4722"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","pdf_url":"https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s13636-020-00183-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19605986","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio Speech and Music Processing","issn_l":"1687-4714","issn":["1687-4714","1687-4722"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1598214476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61633013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G803898012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61371136","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107727058.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3107727058.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111477576","https://openalex.org/W1480629789","https://openalex.org/W1500117362","https://openalex.org/W1524333225","https://openalex.org/W1589137271","https://openalex.org/W1833785989","https://openalex.org/W1936725236","https://openalex.org/W1971229105","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2046015436","https://openalex.org/W2046056978","https://openalex.org/W2067301010","https://openalex.org/W2070176749","https://openalex.org/W2101587318","https://openalex.org/W2114925438","https://openalex.org/W2122364000","https://openalex.org/W2123768812","https://openalex.org/W2129244720","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2155118899","https://openalex.org/W2186162535","https://openalex.org/W2346432327","https://openalex.org/W2360384684","https://openalex.org/W2395750323","https://openalex.org/W2403367729","https://openalex.org/W2409550820","https://openalex.org/W2584329820","https://openalex.org/W2696967604","https://openalex.org/W2726515241","https://openalex.org/W2746471976","https://openalex.org/W2750001021","https://openalex.org/W2794506738","https://openalex.org/W2801581493","https://openalex.org/W2808631503","https://openalex.org/W2890964092","https://openalex.org/W2916104401","https://openalex.org/W2938632497","https://openalex.org/W2939634425","https://openalex.org/W2962679215","https://openalex.org/W2962959915","https://openalex.org/W2963139417","https://openalex.org/W2963181813","https://openalex.org/W2963382494","https://openalex.org/W2963386851","https://openalex.org/W2963395534","https://openalex.org/W2963670602","https://openalex.org/W2964020555","https://openalex.org/W2972441390","https://openalex.org/W2972552635","https://openalex.org/W2972909277","https://openalex.org/W2972944317","https://openalex.org/W2972956697","https://openalex.org/W2973099347","https://openalex.org/W3015252250","https://openalex.org/W3015598461","https://openalex.org/W3015893497","https://openalex.org/W3096649599","https://openalex.org/W3213228770","https://openalex.org/W6600109629","https://openalex.org/W6600137863","https://openalex.org/W6600195515","https://openalex.org/W6600538214","https://openalex.org/W6600565697","https://openalex.org/W6600577311","https://openalex.org/W6600617704","https://openalex.org/W6600655691","https://openalex.org/W6600782649","https://openalex.org/W6601102799","https://openalex.org/W6601116818","https://openalex.org/W6601604083","https://openalex.org/W6602365789","https://openalex.org/W6603625323","https://openalex.org/W6603989641","https://openalex.org/W6604896550","https://openalex.org/W6610378225","https://openalex.org/W6633560276","https://openalex.org/W6638518060","https://openalex.org/W6679338098","https://openalex.org/W6704606872","https://openalex.org/W6714644935","https://openalex.org/W6812403827","https://openalex.org/W6855569829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018623685","https://openalex.org/W2128073728","https://openalex.org/W4234190324","https://openalex.org/W1521299571","https://openalex.org/W1197719229","https://openalex.org/W2381158726","https://openalex.org/W2316548414","https://openalex.org/W66821593","https://openalex.org/W2129090883","https://openalex.org/W2972577568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2,113],"article,":[3],"we":[4,27,126],"conduct":[5],"a":[6,67,128,189],"comprehensive":[7,129],"simulation":[8,130,178],"study":[9,131],"for":[10,33,59],"the":[11,30,34,40,46,56,60,78,84,91,97,122,134,137,142,149,152,155,160,163,169,182,196,199],"optimal":[12,31,57],"scores":[13,32,58,99],"of":[14,48,70,112,136,154,162,184,198,208],"speaker":[15,22,35,41,156,185,191],"recognition":[16,192],"systems":[17],"that":[18,25,55,76,205],"are":[19,206],"based":[20,100,180],"on":[21,101,121,140,181],"embedding.":[23],"For":[24],"purpose,":[26],"first":[28],"revisit":[29],"identification":[36],"(SI)":[37],"task":[38,44,144],"and":[39,53,96,104,145,213],"verification":[42],"(SV)":[43],"in":[45,148,202],"sense":[47],"minimum":[49],"Bayes":[50],"risk":[51],"(MBR)":[52],"show":[54,75],"two":[61],"tasks":[62],"can":[63,107],"be":[64,108],"formulated":[65],"as":[66,110,166,168],"single":[68],"form":[69],"normalized":[71],"likelihood":[72,93],"(NL).":[73],"We":[74],"when":[77],"underlying":[79],"model":[80],"is":[81,87,174,179],"linear":[82,114],"Gaussian,":[83],"NL":[85,116,124,164,200],"score":[86,117],"mathematically":[88],"equivalent":[89],"to":[90,132],"PLDA":[92],"ratio":[94],"(LR),":[95],"empirical":[98],"cosine":[102],"distance":[103,106],"Euclidean":[105],"seen":[109],"approximations":[111],"Gaussian":[115],"under":[118],"some":[119,172],"conditions.Based":[120],"unified":[123],"score,":[125],"conducted":[127],"investigate":[133],"behavior":[135,197],"scoring":[138,201],"component":[139],"both":[141],"SI":[143],"SV":[146],"task,":[147],"case":[150,170],"where":[151,171],"distribution":[153],"vectors":[157,186],"perfectly":[158],"matches":[159],"assumption":[161],"model,":[165],"well":[167],"mismatch":[173],"involved.":[175],"Importantly,":[176],"our":[177],"statistics":[183],"derived":[187],"from":[188],"practical":[190],"system,":[193],"hence":[194],"reflecting":[195],"real-life":[203],"scenarios":[204],"full":[207],"imperfection,":[209],"including":[210],"non-Gaussianality,":[211],"non-homogeneity,":[212],"domain/condition":[214],"mismatch.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}