{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080551551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","title":"Homogenous ensemble phonotactic language recognition based on SVM supervector reconstruction","display_name":"Homogenous ensemble phonotactic language recognition based on SVM supervector reconstruction","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080551551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","mag":"2080551551"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","pdf_url":"https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19605986","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio Speech and Music Processing","issn_l":"1687-4714","issn":["1687-4714","1687-4722"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359534","display_name":"Weiwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2450-3369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089897","display_name":"GLS Industries (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/00bc49e61","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089897"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Communication Station, General Logistics Department, Beijing, 100036, China","Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Communication Station, General Logistics Department, Beijing, 100036, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089897"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100692904","display_name":"Wei-Qiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-1959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015797517","display_name":"Michael T. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-4877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","display_name":"Marquette University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gr4te78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael T Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409741","display_name":"Jia Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100692904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1115,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1635},"apc_paid":{"value":1115,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1635},"fwci":0.4885,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7958112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7789981961250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonotactics","display_name":"Phonotactics","score":0.693856954574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.675564169883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.6604615449905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.6014847159385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5306472182273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.525510311126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4977441132068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.44615912437438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.42195630073547363}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7789981961250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4768521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512366","display_name":"Phonotactics","level":3,"score":0.693856954574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.675564169883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.6604615449905396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.6014847159385681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5306472182273865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.525510311126709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4977441132068634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.44615912437438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.42195630073547363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","pdf_url":"https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19605986","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio Speech and Music Processing","issn_l":"1687-4714","issn":["1687-4714","1687-4722"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:epublications.marquette.edu:electric_fac-1082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://epublications.marquette.edu/electric_fac/83","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401682","display_name":"e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102461120","host_organization_name":"Marquette University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102461120"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.1008.5170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.1008.5170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://epublications.marquette.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D1082%26context%3Delectric_fac","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","pdf_url":"https://asmp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13636-014-0042-5","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19605986","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio Speech and Music Processing","issn_l":"1687-4714","issn":["1687-4714","1687-4722"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6299999952316284}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2201735945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61273268","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2571867183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61370034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4665116016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61403224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2080551551.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2080551551.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3967139","https://openalex.org/W61053364","https://openalex.org/W149878739","https://openalex.org/W156922528","https://openalex.org/W181083492","https://openalex.org/W273093436","https://openalex.org/W1495315009","https://openalex.org/W1594560709","https://openalex.org/W1631260214","https://openalex.org/W1675272512","https://openalex.org/W1983072039","https://openalex.org/W1993482042","https://openalex.org/W2001679125","https://openalex.org/W2001732961","https://openalex.org/W2049624918","https://openalex.org/W2052384514","https://openalex.org/W2092008510","https://openalex.org/W2100546383","https://openalex.org/W2101261946","https://openalex.org/W2104457544","https://openalex.org/W2105321074","https://openalex.org/W2106284094","https://openalex.org/W2117448986","https://openalex.org/W2125168896","https://openalex.org/W2128632866","https://openalex.org/W2140389641","https://openalex.org/W2145094598","https://openalex.org/W2146194791","https://openalex.org/W2150769028","https://openalex.org/W2153849757","https://openalex.org/W2156373089","https://openalex.org/W2156983866","https://openalex.org/W2157749010","https://openalex.org/W2172287020","https://openalex.org/W2184335318","https://openalex.org/W2396777470","https://openalex.org/W2397995394","https://openalex.org/W2400962240","https://openalex.org/W2739091281","https://openalex.org/W2915722758","https://openalex.org/W2916510398","https://openalex.org/W3143835353","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149402184","https://openalex.org/W2003136674","https://openalex.org/W1566315437","https://openalex.org/W4221142855","https://openalex.org/W2594897229","https://openalex.org/W2151348424","https://openalex.org/W2050138804","https://openalex.org/W767271433","https://openalex.org/W4290708361","https://openalex.org/W2129812225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Currently,":[1],"acoustic":[2,43,54],"spoken":[3],"language":[4,14,76,132,176],"recognition":[5,15,77,133,177],"(SLR)":[6],"and":[7,52,104,154,188,224,233,246],"phonotactic":[8,75,131],"SLR":[9,34,37],"systems":[10,78],"are":[11,163],"widely":[12],"used":[13],"systems.":[16],"To":[17],"achieve":[18,58],"better":[19,30,199],"performance,":[20],"researchers":[21],"combine":[22],"multiple":[23,48],"subsystems":[24,38,97],"with":[25,210],"the":[26,42,96,99,118,161,183,194,218,238,243],"results":[27],"often":[28],"much":[29],"than":[31,201],"a":[32,71,112,128,166,202],"single":[33],"system.":[35,135],"Phonotactic":[36],"may":[39],"vary":[40],"in":[41,111],"features":[44],"vectors":[45],"or":[46],"include":[47],"language-specific":[49],"phone":[50,204],"recognizers":[51],"different":[53,113,140],"models.":[55],"These":[56],"methods":[57],"good":[59],"performance":[60,200,216],"but":[61,109],"usually":[62],"compute":[63],"at":[64],"high":[65],"computational":[66,213],"cost.":[67,214],"In":[68,93],"this":[69,94,127],"paper,":[70],"new":[72],"diversification":[73],"for":[74,174,242],"is":[79],"proposed":[80,195],"using":[81,117,165],"vector":[82,87,114],"space":[83,115,206],"models":[84],"by":[85,116],"support":[86],"machine":[88],"(SVM)":[89],"supervector":[90,142,148,152,157],"reconstruction":[91,143],"(SSR).":[92],"architecture,":[95],"share":[98],"same":[100],"feature":[101],"extraction,":[102],"decoding,":[103],"N-gram":[105],"counting":[106],"preprocessing":[107],"steps,":[108],"model":[110],"SSR":[119],"algorithm":[120],"without":[121],"significant":[122],"additional":[123],"computation.":[124],"We":[125],"term":[126],"homogeneous":[129],"ensemble":[130],"(HEPLR)":[134],"The":[136,215],"system":[137,197,209,220],"integrates":[138],"three":[139],"SVM":[141,147,151,156],"algorithms,":[144],"including":[145],"relative":[146,235],"reconstruction,":[149,153],"functional":[150],"perturbing":[155],"reconstruction.":[158],"All":[159],"of":[160,186,217],"algorithms":[162],"incorporated":[164],"linear":[167],"discriminant":[168],"analysis-maximum":[169],"mutual":[170],"information":[171],"(LDA-MMI)":[172],"backend":[173],"improving":[175],"evaluation":[178],"(LRE)":[179],"accuracy.":[180],"Evaluated":[181],"on":[182],"National":[184],"Institute":[185],"Standards":[187],"Technology":[189],"(NIST)":[190],"LRE":[191],"2009":[192],"task,":[193],"HEPLR":[196,219],"achieves":[198],"baseline":[203,239],"recognition-vector":[205],"modeling":[207],"(PR-VSM)":[208],"minimal":[211],"extra":[212],"yields":[221],"1.39%,":[222],"3.63%,":[223],"14.79%":[225],"equal":[226],"error":[227],"rate":[228],"(EER),":[229],"representing":[230],"6.06%,":[231],"10.15%,":[232],"10.53%":[234],"improvements":[236],"over":[237],"system,":[240],"respectively,":[241],"30-,":[244],"10-,":[245],"3-s":[247],"test":[248],"conditions.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}