{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407636708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","title":"Low-complexity detection for MIMO visible light communication system using generalized spatial modulation","display_name":"Low-complexity detection for MIMO visible light communication system using generalized spatial modulation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407636708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033411430","display_name":"Wei\u2010Chiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-4214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210103986","display_name":"Jingdong (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01dkjkq64","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149962","display_name":"Sanming University","ror":"https://ror.org/044pany34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149962"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sanming University, No. 25 Jingdong Rd., Sanming, Fujian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5351-4214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sanming University, No. 25 Jingdong Rd., Sanming, Fujian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149962","https://openalex.org/I4210103986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034936210","display_name":"Gan\u2010Lin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-5268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149962","display_name":"Sanming University","ror":"https://ror.org/044pany34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149962"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["CN","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gan-Lin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","School of Education and Music, Sanming University, Sanming, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi, Johor Bahru, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education and Music, Sanming University, Sanming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149962"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":1.0704,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75588204,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2025","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9607999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.7222919464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6667500138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6604457497596741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-modulation","display_name":"Spatial modulation","score":0.6002819538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5909011363983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-multiplexing","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","score":0.48308899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4191396236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3632861375808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.21566802263259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17089489102363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.1136350929737091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.10990798473358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.1035163402557373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.7222919464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6667500138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6604457497596741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019745063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107304836","display_name":"Spatial modulation","level":4,"score":0.6002819538116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5909011363983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85884896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574075","display_name":"Spatial multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.48308899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4191396236419678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3632861375808716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.21566802263259888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17089489102363586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.1136350929737091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.10990798473358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.1035163402557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dd15f2d6086b4168a3292996e3376c2d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dd15f2d6086b4168a3292996e3376c2d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Vol 2025, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","pdf_url":"https://asp-eurasipjournals.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13634-025-01205-y","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407636708.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407636708.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530260903","https://openalex.org/W1540562499","https://openalex.org/W1602659231","https://openalex.org/W1972200331","https://openalex.org/W1977332235","https://openalex.org/W1979905340","https://openalex.org/W2023023356","https://openalex.org/W2046824677","https://openalex.org/W2087724001","https://openalex.org/W2088496743","https://openalex.org/W2096161297","https://openalex.org/W2130198719","https://openalex.org/W2130936630","https://openalex.org/W2153227920","https://openalex.org/W2163770389","https://openalex.org/W2276646674","https://openalex.org/W2409523077","https://openalex.org/W2529036838","https://openalex.org/W2757003662","https://openalex.org/W2790935811","https://openalex.org/W2807600638","https://openalex.org/W2891517625","https://openalex.org/W2949835790","https://openalex.org/W2963147737","https://openalex.org/W3089875883","https://openalex.org/W3097783570","https://openalex.org/W3103537411","https://openalex.org/W3210297953","https://openalex.org/W4206180546","https://openalex.org/W4385806839","https://openalex.org/W4386409000","https://openalex.org/W4389384698","https://openalex.org/W4390025536","https://openalex.org/W4391786506","https://openalex.org/W4393371728"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972125288","https://openalex.org/W4206003789","https://openalex.org/W4313894505","https://openalex.org/W4237321995","https://openalex.org/W2159343473","https://openalex.org/W2486733753","https://openalex.org/W2606846467","https://openalex.org/W4312452255","https://openalex.org/W2036873880","https://openalex.org/W2357330935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,97],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,64,88,98,115,122,148,155,171,174,184,195,202],"detection":[4,71,177],"algorithms":[5,178,204],"of":[6,117,173,201],"two":[7,103,176],"generalized":[8],"spatial":[9,89,109],"modulation":[10],"(GSM)":[11],"schemes":[12,31],"in":[13,93,121,208],"a":[14,79,94],"multiple-input":[15],"multiple-output":[16],"(MIMO)":[17],"visible":[18],"light":[19],"communication":[20],"(VLC)":[21],"system":[22],"are":[23,32,132],"developed":[24],"and":[25,38,90,108,129,140,154],"analyzed.":[26],"The":[27,144],"considered":[28],"optical":[29],"GSM":[30,33,39],"with":[34,40,183],"Transmit":[35],"Diversity":[36],"(GSM-TD)":[37],"Multi-Stream":[41],"(GSM-MS).":[42],"By":[43],"allowing":[44],"each":[45],"activated":[46,118],"LED":[47],"to":[48,113,134],"transmit":[49],"independent":[50],"temporal":[51,91,136],"symbols":[52,92,137],"simultaneously,":[53],"GSM-MS":[54,141],"benefits":[55],"from":[56],"higher":[57],"bits":[58],"per":[59],"channel":[60],"use":[61],"(bpcu)":[62],"than":[63],"GSM-TD":[65,139],"scheme.":[66],"Existing":[67],"maximum":[68],"likelihood":[69],"(ML)":[70],"algorithm":[72],"is":[73,161,168,179,188],"computationally":[74],"prohibitive;":[75],"hence,":[76],"we":[77,101],"develop":[78],"two-stage":[80],"(identification":[81],"followed":[82],"by":[83,164],"detection)":[84],"receiver":[85,215],"that":[86,170,191],"decodes":[87],"sequential":[95],"manner.":[96],"first":[99],"stage,":[100,124],"propose":[102],"algorithms,":[104],"namely":[105],"subspace":[106],"tracking":[107],"matched":[110,126],"filtering":[111],"(SMF),":[112],"identify":[114],"indices":[116],"LEDs,":[119],"while":[120],"second":[123],"effective":[125],"filter":[127],"(EMF)":[128],"decorrelating":[130],"detector":[131,193,207],"employed":[133],"extract":[135],"for":[138],"scheme,":[142],"respectively.":[143],"performance":[145],"assessment,":[146],"including":[147],"computation":[149,165],"load,":[150],"correct":[151],"identification":[152],"probability":[153],"average":[156],"symbol":[157],"error":[158],"rate":[159],"(SER),":[160],"comprehensively":[162],"evaluated":[163],"simulation.":[166],"It":[167,187],"shown":[169],"complexity":[172],"proposed":[175,203],"extensively":[180],"reduced":[181],"compared":[182],"ML":[185,192,206],"algorithm.":[186],"also":[189],"demonstrated":[190],"offers":[194],"best":[196],"SER":[197,200],"performance;":[198],"nevertheless,":[199],"approaches":[205],"high":[209],"signal-to-noise":[210],"ratio":[211],"(SNR)":[212],"or":[213],"large":[214],"array":[216],"size":[217],"scenarios.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
