{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402810827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w","title":"Double-layer data-hiding mechanism for ECG signals","display_name":"Double-layer data-hiding mechanism for ECG signals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402810827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004146766","display_name":"Iynkaran Natgunanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4215-000X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iynkaran Natgunanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001203013","display_name":"Chandan Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-0856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chandan Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-0856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050131132","display_name":"Sutharshan Rajasegarar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6559-6736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sutharshan Rajasegarar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009007482","display_name":"Tianrui Zong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-2261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianrui Zong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Burwood Campus, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001203013"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"apc_list":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"apc_paid":{"value":1140,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1398},"fwci":2.1658,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89162695,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2024","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.96670001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6928942799568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.5984895825386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5704407095909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5055222511291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.42526721954345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2823899984359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15913280844688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.14259833097457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.08138912916183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.07856929302215576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6928942799568176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.5984895825386047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5704407095909119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5055222511291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.42526721954345703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2823899984359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15913280844688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14259833097457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08138912916183472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.07856929302215576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5e0f14e31d8f49abb8297bd4de88ff86","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5e0f14e31d8f49abb8297bd4de88ff86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing, Vol 2024, Iss 1, Pp 1-22 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27185679","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s13634-024-01180-w.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35920007","display_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","issn_l":"1687-6172","issn":["1687-6172","1687-6180"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402810827.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402810827.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1533060575","https://openalex.org/W2090268179","https://openalex.org/W2096010385","https://openalex.org/W2146554527","https://openalex.org/W2155678250","https://openalex.org/W2316402478","https://openalex.org/W2318660221","https://openalex.org/W2809381512","https://openalex.org/W2897657333","https://openalex.org/W2899623258","https://openalex.org/W2949110824","https://openalex.org/W2979532846","https://openalex.org/W2995254605","https://openalex.org/W2997434368","https://openalex.org/W3000583025","https://openalex.org/W3082702343","https://openalex.org/W3160199995","https://openalex.org/W3161085879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2170577885","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2351909370","https://openalex.org/W2187037044","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Due":[1],"to":[2,8,26,41,45,64,89,104,182],"the":[3,58,62,69,72,123,128,143,153,167,173,189,206,209,220,223],"advancement":[4],"in":[5,11,147,172],"biomedical":[6],"technologies,":[7],"diagnose":[9],"problems":[10],"people,":[12],"a":[13,43,108],"number":[14],"of":[15,57,71,127,169,208,222],"psychological":[16,29,48],"signals":[17,30,140],"are":[18,31,180,215],"extracted":[19],"from":[20],"patients.":[21],"We":[22],"should":[23,38],"be":[24,39],"able":[25],"ensure":[27,205],"that":[28,142],"not":[32],"altered":[33],"by":[34],"adversaries":[35],"and":[36,67,94,160,187],"it":[37],"possible":[40],"relate":[42],"patient":[44,119,144],"his/her":[46],"corresponding":[47],"signal.":[49],"As":[50],"far":[51],"as":[52,118,157],"our":[53],"awareness":[54],"extends,":[55],"none":[56],"existing":[59],"methods":[60],"possess":[61],"capability":[63],"both":[65,91],"identify":[66],"verify":[68],"authenticity":[70,95],"ECG":[73,129,139,149,183,198],"signals.":[74,130,184],"Consequently,":[75],"this":[76],"paper":[77],"introduces":[78],"an":[79,148,197],"innovative":[80],"dual-layer":[81],"data-embedding":[82],"approach":[83],"for":[84],"electrocardiogram":[85],"(ECG)":[86],"signals,":[87],"aiming":[88],"achieve":[90],"signal":[92,100,150,199],"identification":[93,101,120],"verification.":[96],"Since":[97],"file":[98],"name-based":[99],"is":[102,164,200],"vulnerable":[103],"modifications,":[105],"we":[106,193],"propose":[107],"robust":[109,133],"watermarking":[110,134],"method":[111],"which":[112],"will":[113],"embed":[114],"patient-related":[115],"details":[116],"such":[117,141],"number,":[121],"into":[122,138],"medically":[124],"less-significant":[125],"portion":[126],"The":[131],"proposed":[132,210,224],"algorithm":[135],"adds":[136],"data":[137],"information":[145],"hidden":[146],"can":[151,194],"resist":[152],"filtering":[154],"attack":[155],"(such":[156],"high-pass":[158],"filtering)":[159],"noise":[161],"addition.":[162],"This":[163],"achieved":[165],"via":[166],"use":[168],"error":[170],"buffers":[171],"embedding":[174],"algorithm.":[175],"Further,":[176],"modification-sensitive":[177],"fragile":[178,190],"watermarks":[179],"added":[181],"By":[185],"extracting":[186],"checking":[188],"watermark":[191],"bits,":[192],"determine":[195],"whether":[196],"modified":[201],"or":[202],"not.":[203],"To":[204],"security":[207],"mechanism,":[211],"two":[212],"secret":[213],"keys":[214],"used.":[216],"Our":[217],"evaluation":[218],"demonstrates":[219],"usefulness":[221],"system.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}